Theses and Dissertations (African Languages)

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'n Kritiese analise van terminologiebestuur binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks
(University of Pretoria, 2024-07-11) Taljard, Elsabe (Elizabeth); michelle.goosen3@gmail.com; Goosen, Michelle
Hierdie studie gee rekenskap van die vernaamste Suid-Afrikaanse terminologiebestuursprogramme. Spesifieke aandag word gegee aan die beskikbaarheid / toeganklikheid van hierdie programme se terminologiese hulpbronne vir taalgemeenskappe. Die kennisgebaseerde benadering tot terminologie (Eng: knowledge-based approach to terminology) word as teoretiese raamwerk vir die betrokke studie gebruik. Aspekte wat spesifiek in hierdie literatuurstudie bespreek word, is eerstens ’n oorsig van taalbeleid en taalbeplanning as instrumente in ’n proses van taalpolitieke verandering. Daar word verwys na Suid-Afrika se nasionale taalbeleidsraamwerk, die taalbeleidsraamwerk vir openbare hoëronderwysinstellings en taalbeplanning wat op verskillende vlakke uitgevoer kan word. Die bespreking sluit ook die verskillende fases in waarvolgens ’n terminologiebeleid ontwikkel word. In die tweede plek word verskillende aspekte van terminologiebestuur bespreek. Daar word aandag gegee aan terminologiebestuur wat binne verskillende kontekste vir verskillende doeleindes uitgevoer kan word. Die profiel van die teikengebruiker van ’n terminologiese produk, die nuutste moontlikhede wat tegnologiese ontwikkeling binne terminologiebestuur bied en ’n algemene werkvloeidiagram vir terminologiebestuur vorm deel van hierdie bespreking. In die derde plek word ’n kritiese oorsig gegee oor die vernaamste internasionale terminologiebestuursprogramme wat maklik toeganklik is, gevolg deur ’n kritiese bespreking van die vernaamste Suid-Afrikaanse terminologiebestuursprogramme. Die laaste aspek wat hierdie studie ondersoek, is tot watter mate die nasionale platform The South African Centre for Digital Language Resources (SADiLaR) gebruik kan word vir die koördinering van terminologiese hulpbronne.
Pego ye e beakantswego ya nyakisiso ya Makxothlo (Lekgothoane)
(University of Pretoria, 1995) Groenewald, P.S. (Pieter Schalk); Mojalefa, Mawatle Jeremiah
Although Lekgothoane's collection of traditional praise poems as well as those of Phala and Ramaila appeared in the late 1930's, these works have never been thoroughly investigated and described. As a result, Lekgothoane becomes the object of study in this thesis. It is, however, impossible to discuss his entire oeuvre within the parameters of this study, and therefore attention is focussed on only one of his poems. The emphasis in the metrical analysis of the above mentioned work is on the fact that this poem is a traditional praise poem. Special attention is paid to the problem identified by Opland in connection with this type of poetry in Xhosa, namely that the metrical arrangement of the traditional Xhosa praise poem must be related to its performance. This hypothesis is however unacceptable for poetics. This study also confirms that the metrical arrangement of the traditional Sepedi/Northern Sotho praise poem is not determined by its performance. The Lekgothoane praise poem as a literary work is analysed from the following angles: (a) the author (b) the text (c) the reader. The biographical details collected with regard to Lekgothoane confirm the (later) discovery that he did not write nature poetry. The poem as text was described according to content, composition (structure) and style. The topic is an important concept in the analysis of the content, and it is distinguished from the theme which is a central concept in the analysis of the structure. Special attention was devoted to the title in the analysis of the poem's compilation. Various structural strategies, which indicate that the owls which are described could possibly be more than just birds, were then scrutinized. This suspicion with regard to the owls is confirmed by various structural segments which are then discussed, and the final interpretation, namely that this work is, amongst other things, also a satire, is confirmed thematically. The particular style of the work is described according to a theoretical framework developed by Kerkhoff. This is later developed into a practical model. Finally, the poem is also examined from the angle of the reader. In this section, the reception-aesthetics theory is however widely deviated from, and key concepts used by Jauss and Iser respectively, namely "expectation horizon" and "open places", do not feature here. The Lekgothoane poem is thus not assessed in terms of the above concepts; this investigation is conducted in an interpretive manner. Consequently, an attempt is made to indicate how the experience and/or the knowledge of the reader can deepen his understanding and interpretation of the poem. The owl poem of Malebana and of Van Wyk Louw, the secretary-bird poem by Leipoldt, as well as a statement made by Paul in the New Testament are all consequently included in this investigation. In the concluding chapter it is shown that Lekgothoane occupies a unique position within the traditional praise poem art, as he deviates from accepted practice, and as his work is a prediction of the poetry of the modern praise poets.
Umthelela womdonsiswano wemibono ngobulili obuhlukene kubabhali besizulu abasebasha (contemporary gender discourse and its implications for Zulu emerging writers)
(University of Pretoria, 2023-08-28) Zondi, Nompumelelo; u16329733@tuks.co.za; Makhiwane, Nombulelo Precious
Imiphakathi ephila ngokwamasiko isaphika ukuthi ubudlelwano babantu bezothando obuhlukile kulobu obujwayelekile ngokobulili buyimvelo. Ukubulawa okulokhu kuqhubekile kwamalunga omphakathi we-Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, Asexual and others (LGBTQIA+) emalokishini asezweni lethu iMzansi Afrika kuyinkomba yokungamukeleki kwalezi zinhlobo zobudlelwano bezothando nenkinga ekhona emphakathini edinga ukuhlolisiswa. Lolu cwaningo lucubungula imithelela yomdonsiswano ngobulili obuhlukahlukene ngokwesimanje kubabhali besiZulu abasebasha nokuthi bayiveza kanjani le mithelela emibhalweni yabo. Imiphakathi ephila ngamasiko neyasemakhaya iphakathi kwenani elikhulu labantu okungavumi bamukele abantu abangamalunga omphakathi we-LGBTQIA+. Ukuhlukunyezwa kwamanye amalunga omphakathi we-LGBTQIA+ kwenzeka ezindaweni zasemakhaya kanye nasemalokishini ahlala amaZulu ngenxa yolwazi olufishane, nokumangazayo ukuthi luselufishane namanje nakuba sesiside isikhathi sadlula onyakeni we-1994 wona owawumaka ukuqala kwenkululeko yabantu bonke bezwe laseMzansi Afrika. Imibhalo yesiZulu yobuciko bekumele ngabe idlala indima enkulu nebalulekile ekusizeni le miphakathi ngolwazi olumayelana namalungelo abantu athinta impilo yezocansi, nokuyingakho ngikhethe le mibhalo ukucubungula le nkinga. Inhloso yokuqala yalolu cwaningo ukuthola umongo womdonsiswano ngobulili obuhlukahlukene ngokwesimanje. Inhloso yesibili ukuhlaziya imithelela lo mdonsiswano onayo endimeni edlalwa ngababhali besiZulu abasebasha. Inhloso yesithathu neyokugcina yalolu cwaningo, ukuqhathanisa umyalezo odluliswa ngababhali besiZulu besifazane kanye nabesilisa uma bebhala ngale ndikimba ukuze kutholakale ukuthi inkinga ngalo mdonsiswano iqhamuka ezinkolelweni zabantu besifazane noma besilisa. Lolu cwaningo luqhutshwe ngokusebenzisa indlela yocwaningo ekhwalithethivu, lwase luklanywa ngesu lokuklama ucwaningo olubizwa ngohlaziyomqondo. Belugxile emanovelini esiZulu amabili. Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo ikhomba ukuthi iseksizimu, ihetharoseksizimu, ne-aloseksizimu yizindlela zokucwasa ezenzeka uma abantu bekhula baphile impilo ehlukile kuneyabantu bobulili obufana nobabo kanye neyabantu abalingana nabo ngeminyaka kulokhu okusuke kulindelwe ngumphakathi ngokobulili babo.
The implications of Setswana hare folktales contemporary for South African children
(University of Pretoria, 2023) Ramagoshi, Refilwe M.; boyathapelo5@gmail.com; Boya, Thapelo Bernard
In previous research, it has been stated that folktales are primarily told to teach moral lessons to children. However, this study demonstrates that Setswana hare folktales potentially teach the opposite of the intended lessons based on the behaviour of hare characters, which generally contravenes the notion of morality. Behaviour such as violence, murder, theft and manipulation is prevalent in folktales and the hare is often the perpetrator who is seldom caught or punished for his immoral behaviour. Research claims that South Africa is currently experiencing a crisis of moral degeneration through which people employ inappropriate social behaviour. The main concern is that children are exposed to immoral behaviour, thereby posing a potential risk of them mimicking such behaviour displayed by society and in folktales. In this study, potential implications of Setswana hare folktales in terms of the moral degeneration crisis affecting children in contemporary South Africa are investigated. Furthermore, it is revealed that some folktales might perpetuate and justify issues of moral degeneration in society. In this qualitative study, 19 Setswana hare folktales were collected and thematically analysed emphasising the common behaviour portrayed by hare characters. Secondary data on the recent South African incidents depicting behaviour associated with moral degeneration was obtained through perusing popular local newspapers and digital media. This was to demonstrate the degree to which hare folktales mirror the crisis of moral degeneration in contemporary society. The study is based on the Theory of Moral Development, Behaviourist, as well as Functionalist theories. Moral development and behaviourist theories are used to study the behaviour of hare characters and children in society, while the Functionalist Theory is used to study the phenomenon of moral degeneration as social change and folktales as a social construct. A number of folktale studies have been conducted, which have had a positive impact on teaching moral lessons. However, in this study, the very few studies that exposed the potential implications of folktales in perpetuating societal issues are expanded on. The researcher discerns that Setswana hare folktales do not embody moral elements, consequently and potentially perpetuating and justifying the moral degeneration crisis in children as perpetrators, victims and observers of the crisis. It is concluded that Setswana hare folktales may not be effective in instilling morality in children without meaningful intervention.
Gender inequality in South African Nguni cultures, as portrayed in selected Nguni literary text.
(University of Pretoria, 2022) Bokaba, N.B.; u15366244@tuks.co.za; Memela, Mbalenhle Melodious
This research seeks to highlight the gender inequality brought by some of the rituals and traditions practised by South African Nguni cultures. It seeks to work as a mediator or a mouth for the parties that are being treated unfairly by these cultures. A study of multiple literary texts was conducted in order to be fully informed and equipped about the topic. The findings show that despite the 28 years of South Africa’s constantly evolving democracy, the LGBTQI+ community is still vaguely recognised by customary law, whereas women and children are subservient. In light of these findings, a viable recourse would be for traditional authorities and scholars to consolidate and re-amend customary laws, and to sift out the obsolete and prejudice.
Critical analysis of issues that depict gender inequality and conflict between human rights and culture in Isiko Nelungelo and Intando Kamufi
(University of Pretoria, 2022) Bokaba, Brenda Nomadlozi; Zondi, Nompumelelo; u15151124@tuks.co.za; Mathe, Siyabonga Muziwandile Gift
ABSTRACT South Africa has a diverse range of languages, races, religions, and ethnic communities. It has faced significant challenges – political, cultural, and socio-economic – since the arrival of democracy in 1994. Nevertheless, South Africa is still entrenched in its cultural beliefs even though the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1998, was introduced to neutralise some of the oppressing cultural beliefs. With special reference to the Zulu tribe, this research discusses the nature of human beings (men and women) as a democratic one even beyond cultural expectations. It argues against some cultural practices on women, especially widows, which claim supremacy and bind the widows to its ritual processes among the Zulu people. It stresses the importance of human individual that overtakes everything from God’s creation, including cultural rituals that have been created by human beings. It claims that the existence of culture depends solely on the existence or presence of human beings and their communities. Therefore, culture cannot use humans to shape itself and transform the community; humans use culture to identify themselves and ultimately change their communities. Although the paper is cultural in its approach, it argues for individual human rights to be respected and weighed above all cultural practices. It further concludes that such cultural practices are not stationery and that they can be removed from the rest of culture. Lastly, this research however exposes all the Zulu cultural practices that oppresses women and forcing them to involve themselves in rituals while compromising their human rights. It also seeks to provide solutions to conflict that exist between culture, human rights, and gender inequality. This paper concludes thus, cultural deconstruction is possible through re-visiting the cultural practices and look at what is still relevant to the society and to the people and only adopt what will not oppress women while involving themselves to the cultural practices.
Tshekatsheko yaleboko la Kgosi Hendrick Rantebeng Mathibe Makapan
(University of Pretoria, 1994) Groenewald, P.S. (Pieter Schalk); Makofane, Peter Mpoko
Please read abstract in the document
Grammar of the pronouns in SiSwati
(University of Pretoria, 1995) Wilkes, A.; Zwane, Nonsikelelo Barbara
The main aim of this investigation is to give a detailed description of the morphology, the syntax and finally the semantic function of the different pronouns found in siSwati. Before this is done (in Chapters 2 - 4) the modern and traditional views regarding pronominalisation in the Bantu languages are analyzed and evaluated (in Chapter 1). It is concluded that the traditional view which regards the so-called pronouns in the Bantu languages and in siSwati in particular as words that replace nouns in sentences is unfounded and that the basic function of these words is, in fact, that of nominal determiners and that they become pronouns only when the nouns have been omitted in discourse. In chapters 2 - 4 the morphological structure of the different kinds of pronouns in siSwati is analyzed. In the case of the demonstratives the conflicting views concerning the assumed structure of these pronouns are examined and evaluated. It is concluded that the assumption that these words are formed by means of noun class prefixes is unjustified and that they, in fact, are formed by means of agreement morphemes. An analysis of the semantic features of the pronouns has inter alia revealed that the so-called absolute pronouns have a dual semantic function depending on whether they precede or follow their coreferent noun. When they appear in post-nominal position they serve to contrast their coreferent noun whilst they emphasize their coreferent noun when they appear in pre-nomonal position. In addition to the morphological and semantic description of the different kinds of pronouns a detailed description of their syntactic features is also given. In the final Chapter the focus falls on the concordial system in the Bantu languages. The chapter ends with a brief outline of certain prominent views concerning the possible historical development of agreement in the case of subjects, objects and adjectives in the Bantu languages.
’n Teoreties gefundeerde, geannoteerde Afrikaanse vertaling van Alan Paton se roman Cry, the beloved country
(University of Pretoria, 2015) Marais, Renee; anné.brümmer@gmail.com; Brümmer, Anné
Alan Paton’s world famous debut novel, Cry, the beloved country (1948), is seen as one of the most important literary texts in the polysystem of South Africa’s literature of the twentieth century. With more than 15 million copies sold in at least 23 languages world wide, including Zulu (1957) and Tsonga (1984), Cry, the beloved country enabled Paton to write full time. Cry, the beloved country was an overwhelming success when it was first published, both in the United States of America and the United Kingdom. It has been converted to film on two occasions, made into an opera and is still prescribed at many schools throughout the world. This novel must be one of the most canonised South African literary texts – and it is not available in Afrikaans translation. Cry, the beloved country has been written in the liberal tradition which has as its goal “to attempt to change the hearts of policymakers by bringing to their attention [the] consequences of their actions” (Peck 1997:93). After Cry, the beloved country many other writers, such as Laurens van der Post, Dan Jacobson and Nadine Gordimer, followed Paton’s lead with protest novels in the liberal tradition. In spite of the socio-political (and from today’s perspective, the socio-historical) importance of the liberal tradition in South Africa’s English literature, none of the above mentioned authors’ work has been translated into Afrikaans – not even that of the Nobel Prize winner, Nadine Gordimer, whose work has been translated into many other languages. This master’s study comprises a theoretically founded, annotated Afrikaans translation of a section of Alan Paton’s world famous novel, Cry, the beloved country. The focus is mainly on the question of what a fitting post-apartheid translation, in Afrikaans, of this novel would look like. The translation is theoretically founded in Vermeer’s (2001:221) functional skopos theory (according to which the skopos of a translation – and not the source text – determines what the eventual target text will look like), and Nord’s (1997b:123) adaptation of the skopos theory by the addition of the concept of ‘loyalty’. This concept entails that a translator’s interpretation of the source text, and therefore the translation thereof, will be as true as possible to the source text. ‘Loyalty’ helps to ensure that the integrity of the source text is protected throughout the translation process and preserved in the target text. Loyalty to both the author of the source text and the reader of the target text, who will read the Afrikaans translation in a changed socio-political and ideological context, was important in determining the skopos. The strategies that the Afrikaans translator used to solve the pragmatic, intercultural, interlinguistic and text specific translation problems are discussed by way of annotation. In this way it is shown that a fitting post-apartheid translation of Cry, the beloved country in Afrikaans can be as true as possible to the source text when the amount of time that has elapsed since 1948, as well as the political changes and ideological shifts which took place over the past six decades, are kept in mind.
Cultural challenges in translating Tayeb Salih’s novel Season of Migration to the North (1969) from Arabic into English : a comparative and analytical study with a focus on metaphors and similes
(University of Pretoria, 2020) Marais, Renée; monymah@hotmail.com; Elkhalifa Mohamed, Amani Elmahi
This study investigates how and to what effect metaphors and similes from Tayeb Salih‘s novel Mawsim al-Hiǧra ilā ash-Shamāl (1966) were translated into English – a worthy topic, given the many linguistic and cultural differences between Arabic and English, and the difficulty of translating figurative language. The novel depicts aspects of the life and culture of the Sudanese people. Initially banned in the Arab world, it was voted, in 2001, the most important Arabic novel of the twentieth century. This brought Tayeb Salih (1929–2009) fame and recognition, and translation into more than twenty languages. Season of Migration to the North (1960), the English translation by Canadian-born orientalist Denys Johnson- Davies (1922–2017), is the object of this particular study. This qualitative study employs descriptive translation studies (DTS) as the main theoretical framework, supplemented by insights gained from equivalence theories, theories of culture, the functionalist approach and cognitive studies. Following a textual approach, the study investigates the Arabic source text, the English target text, applicable translation theories and secondary literature on metaphors and similes as sources of information and/or data. It discusses the aforementioned translation theories, definitions, components and types of metaphors and similes in Arabic and English, as well as strategies and procedures of translating metaphors and similes. The researcher identifies, describes and analyses a selection of similes and metaphors in the Arabic source text, and how they were conveyed in the English target text. The study concludes with a discussion of the effects of the translation choices made and the strategies used.
The Evolution of the Sesotho sa Leboa Young Adult Novella : A Critical and Comparative Study (1940-1969)
(University of Pretoria, 2020) Mojela, Maropeng Victor; psnkomo@hotmail.com; Nkomo, Puleng Samuel
This is a critical and comparative study that examines the blossoming and maturation of the Sesotho sa Leboa (Northern Sotho) Young Adult (YA) novella from the canon of novels in that language. The periods under examination are divided into three decades, namely, 1940–1949, 1950-1959 and 1960-1969. Taking into account the significant research done by scholars in Sesotho sa Leboa, very little is known about YA literature and in particular, the Young Adult novella (novelette or novel). This somewhat confusing sub-genre is clarified and dissected by literary theorists from different orientations and traditions (schools of thought). It is envisaged that this research work will help language practitioners in Sesotho sa Leboa, and other languages to make informed decisions about the classification of the sub-genre in terms of its literary elements. Defining the age cohort of the young adult has also been, and still is, a hotly debated terrain. Arguably, the problem stems from diverse societies trying to provide a uniform definition of a global community. In many instances, the age definition of ‘who is the young adult’ seems to be more complex and political in nature. In the final analysis, the study provides guidelines for the literary evaluation of texts for use in secondary schools, tertiary institutions and for the selection of books for libraries. Novice writers, in comparison with their predecessors, will also become more conversant with the requirements of the sub-genre. For this reason, Sesotho sa Leboa literature will continue to grow and develop in all facets in relation to quality, insight and world view.
Tebelelonyaki_i_o ya nonwanekakanywa ya Sepedi
(University of Pretoria, 2019) Mojalefa, M.J. (Mawatle Jeremiah), 1948-; u17398691@tuks.co.za; Matji, Ngwanamphaga Alettah
This study examines Mologadi Ngwana’ Magolego Sepedi tale Mo_emane wa moimana as an example of fantasy. Fantasy as a genre creates a headache for theorists, because they struggle to distinguish this genre from other types of narratives. One theorist, Rottensteiner (1978:8), sees all narratives as fantasies. He admits that this creates a problem, since not all narratives are fiction. This problem is exacerbated by the fact that narratives broadly represent the thoughts of an author. If the definition of fantasy is too broad, everything that comes from the mind of an author can be seen as an imaginary text, in other words, a fantasy. Butler’s (2006) description of fantasy is narrower, explaining that the concept of fantasy is broader than other tales. This is because it is influenced by traditional fairy tales and by modern scientific fiction (Butler 2006:75). By contrast, Day (1984:277) suggests that in many cases, fantasy can be related to myth. This highlights how broad descriptions of the genre can be, and may lead to some confusion if fantasy is confused with other types of narratives which contain elements of myth. Furthermore, he sees the genre as important because it pushes the boundaries of the human imagination. According to Luckens (1995:27), fantasy often relies on magic and miracles. This argument is also problematic, considering that many fairy tales also contain magic and miracles. Sutherland (1991:247) makes the dubious claim that the actions of a fantasy can never be repeated and supports this claim with the argument that the actions may be truthful as they have a sequence. The argument of the theorists above indicates that they do not distinguish clearly between fantasy and other genres of narratives. This is the problem to be resolved in this study. This study directly investigated the plot of a fantasy, Mo_emane wa moimana, because it is important to demonstrate that the plot of a fantasy has specific elements (parts). These elements must be classified according to their importance. The elements found in the plot of a fantasy are the ones that justify the classification of this genre as this type of literature. To reach this justification, the study focused on three objectives. The first was to explain the plot of a fantasy, taking into consideration the content, the plot and the style. The second was to distinguish fantasy from other forms of folklore. The third was to call for the preservation of this kind of literature because there are so few in Sepedi. There was a need to conduct this investigation with an in-depth focus on a Sepedi tale to develop Sepedi folklore. Aside from the problem of the different views of literary theorists, another reason to conduct research on this topic is that thus far, investigations into such tales have failed to perform critical analysis. The research was therefore conducted by critically analysing one Sepedi fantasy (because of the magnitude of the investigation), while focusing on important distinctive features of the plot of that fantasy, Mo_emane wa moimana to demonstrate the power of miracles (and magic) in the plot and style of this tale. To resolve this problem of whether this story is a fantasy or a fairy tale, this study followed the following research methods: define, interpret and compare. The study also adopted narratology theory. This theory is directly linked to the plot of the text, and does not focus on the author. It is also important in helping to explain the distinction between these two types of narratives, because various types of narratives (including essays or short stories of various kinds) may wrongly be seen as fairy tales. The contents of a short story may show events that have never happened in reality, but are in a world of possibilities of such actions. Even though a fairy tale does not narrate the literal truth, it is literature, because this genre has all the characteristics of literature, namely content, a plot and style, as well as characters, a reader/listener and an author/narrator. The function of the reader/listener of a fairy tale is not to identify ‘mistakes’, but to enjoy the narration, and to realise the depth that the author/narrator has to create the tale.
The potential of an Afrikaans translation of Zakes Mda’s The Heart of Redness to renew the South African national narrative
(University of Pretoria, 2019) Kruger-Roux, Helena; u84261634@tuks.co.za; Alberts, Margaretha Johanna
This study demonstrates one possible way of countering social stratification and creating an inclusive South African identity–renewing the South African national narrative to include the narratives of the people groups that were pushed to the periphery of society during the previous political dispensation might work towards such an identity. Therefore, a case is made for increased intercultural translation in the South African context and Critical Translation Studies is suggested as a theoretical framework for the use of translation in narrative creation. Critical Translation Studies is defined as _a cultural studies approach to the study of translation […] with an implicit focus on translation as a social practice shaped by power relations in society‘ (Robinson, 2017:i) making it particularly relevant. The aim of the study will be achieved through a theoretical discussion of what a national narrative entails and by illustrating how translation can facilitate narrative creation in the context of the Afrikaans literary canon through an Afrikaans translation of Zakes Mda‘s The Heart of Redness (2000). The purpose of this translation is to show how text choice and particular translation methods facilitate cultural understanding and counter cultural isolation and literary stratification. In addition, the role of language as an identity marker, an explanation of why an Afrikaans translation can be considered as important, and the function of translation as intercultural mediation will be provisionally explained, since the interrelationality between language, identity and culture also needs to be investigated to comprehend the scope of the study.
An evaluation and analysis of detective narratives in African languages with specific reference to IsiZulu and Sepedi
(University of Pretoria, 2019) Zondi, Nompumelelo; Mojalefa, M.J. (Mawatle Jeremiah), 1948-; u04135539@tuks.co.za; Bokaba, Nomadlozi Brenda
The aim of this study is to compare and contrast isiZulu and Sepedi detective narratives, a genre which has not been fully embraced by literary scholars and authors in the African languages. The intention is to compare and contrast isiZulu and Sepedi detective narratives for the development of criteria and evaluating methods, which can be used in all the African languages. Detective narratives form part of a genre that has a rigid plot and follows a pattern similar to a puzzle. In the detective narrative, a crime is committed, which usually involves a murder taking place. The person who has committed this murder is unknown to the readers or the detective, who might be a professional detective or an amateur. The main duty of the detective is to investigate the case so that he/she can find the culprit. In this study, various literary theories are applied to analyse detective narratives, namely narratology, structuralism, the comparative method, intertextuality and intratextuality theories. The isiZulu detective narratives that are analysed, are M.M. Masondo’s Isigcawu Senkantolo (1990) and C.T. Msimang’s Walivuma Icala (1996). The Sepedi detective narratives that are analysed, are H.D.N. Bopape’s Lenong la Gauta (1984) and M.A. Kekana’s Nnete Fela (1989). The content, topic, plot, characterisation, setting/milieu, theme, style and atmosphere are explained in relation to the general structure of a detective narrative, indicating the differences between their structures and that of the mainstream narrative. The characteristic features of a general detective narrative are discussed and are used to determine how successfully the authors of isiZulu and Sepedi detective narratives have managed to apply them. Mystery as the main feature of detective narratives is discussed in detail. It is also explained in relation to how it is used by authors to mislead readers or to hide certain information from them in order to create mystery. Tension and suspense are also exemplified in these detective narratives as the main creators of mystery. The five elements of mystery, as the main characteristic features of detective narratives, are also discussed and each element is exemplified in the isiZulu and Sepedi detective narratives. The two isiZulu detective narratives and the two Sepedi detective narratives are compared and contrasted to see their similarities and differences. The next step in the study is to deduce the commonalities and dissimilarities, which can be observed between the detective narratives. The end product is the results of the comparison and contrast between the detective narratives in the different language groups. The results of this method indicated the characteristic features of detective narratives in the isiZulu and Sepedi detective narratives, which can be applicable to other African languages. The findings arrived at through the use of intertextual and intratextual approaches suggest that scholars and authors of African languages could adopt the same methods in studying and writing detective narratives. In this way, the number of detective narratives in African languages has the potential of increasing.
Terminology development in isiNdebele : challenges and solutions
(University of Pretoria, 2020-08-31) Taljard, Elsabe (Elizabeth); mabencs@unisa.ac.za; Mabena, Christinah Sibongile
Terminology development plays a significant role in the development of a language. IsiNdebele, as a South African language in its developmental stages, has been the focus of a great deal of attention since the dawning of South Africa’s new democracy. Consequently, the process of creating new terms for isiNdebele in a variety of fields, such as economics, science, health, law and information technology is currently underway. Successful terminology development is dependent on the stakeholders identified and on their knowledge of term-formation strategies. Among the stakeholders contributing to the expansion of isiNdebele terminology are lexicographers and language practitioners, as well as representatives of government departments such as the Department of Arts and Culture and the Department of Basic Education and Training. It must be taken into consideration that most of those who have been involved so far are not well equipped as regards term formation strategies. A small case study indicates that term formation strategies such as paraphrasing, transliteration, neologism, the compounding of words and semantic transfer were used. Paraphrasing was a frequently used strategy, followed by transliteration. From the outcomes, it was concluded that more workshops on term formation strategies should be held so as to equip isiNdebele collaborators with the knowledge necessary for the formation of terms. In future, a larger sample in should be considered in order to understand why other strategies were not that productively used in the formation of the terms considered, as well as investigating possible alternative strategies that could be utilized
African authors' perceptions of women's achievements : exploring cultural expectations in selected isiZulu literary texts
(University of Pretoria, 2020) Zondi, Nompumelelo Bernadette; nkosi125@gmail.com; Nkosi, Vusumuzi
In indigenous African societies, cultural expectations compel women to restrict themselves from excelling in whatever they do as a way of conforming to prevailing customary expectations. This is because those women who are said to disregard cultural expectations by aspring to achieve more than their male conterparts face societal consequences.
Tlhotlheletso ya lemorago la loago mo bokwading jwa padi ya Matlhoko, Matlhoko le dikgankhutshwe tse di mo go Mmualebe ka R.M. Malope
(University of Pretoria, 2020-04-30) Ramagoshi, Refilwe M.; Zondi, Nompumelelo; qmotsepe@gmail.com; Motsepe, Queen Mmadikhu
Tlhotlhomisi e e ikaegile ka lemorago la botshelo jwa ga mokwadi Melato Recias Malope, modibelapuo yo o itsegeng wa puo ya Setswana, morutabana le mokwadi yo o manontlhotlho wa ditlhangwa le dibuka tsa thutapuo. O kwadile buka ya thutapuo ya motlhakanelwa le Moporofesara Setshedi, e e bidiwang ‘Thutamedumopuo ya Setswana’ e e phasaladitsweng ka 1978. Maiteko a gagwe mo bokwading ke a padi ya Matlhoko, Matlhoko, e e phasaladitsweng ka ngwaga wa 1980, le ngatana ya dikgankhutshwe tsa Mmualebe, e e phasaladitsweng ka 1982. Mooko wa tlhotlhomisi e o thaetswe mo ntlhakemong ya batlhotlhomsi ba tshwana le Welleck et al (1961:90) le Rosenburg (1982:91) e e reng ditiragalo tse di anelwang ke mokwadi mo setlhangweng sa gagwe, di tletse tshusumetso e e maatla ya maitemogelo a lemorago la botshelo jo a bo tshetseng. Bakwadi ba, ba dumela gore mokwadi o anela ka ga se a se itemogetseng mo botshelong jwa nnete, jaaka ditiragalo mo loagong; tse a di buisitseng; tse a di boneng ka matlho; jalo le jalo. Ditlhangwa tsa ga Malope tse di kaetsweng fa godimo, ke tsona metswedimegolo e e tlhotlhomisiwang le go sekasekwa go sedisisa seabe se lemorago la ga Malope le nnileng naso mo tlhagisong ya maitshetlego a ditlhangwa tse. Matshego a tlhotlhomisi e ke botshelo jwa nnete jwa ga Malope, ka maitlhomo a go leka go tlhotlhomisa gore maitemogelo a gagwe a nnile le seabe sefe mo bokwading jwa ditlhangwa tse di tlhotlhomisiwang tse. Maitlhomo a, a rotloeditswe ke bakwadi jaaka ga Allen (1963:27), Moleleki (1988:13) le Mothiba (2014:92), ba ba dumelang gore bokwadi bo tlholega mo lemoragong la mokwadi, le go tlhotlheletswa ke botshelo jo mokwadi a bo tshetseng.
Pegonyakišišo ya kgopolo ya balade ya Sepedi
(University of Pretoria, 2019) Mojalefa, M.J. (Mawatle Jeremiah), 1948-; u28491948@tuks.co.za; Nkadimeng, Stephen Manangane
This study aims to investigate two Sepedi ballads, Moganedi’s ‘Maletsoge’ (1985) and Matome Fela’s ‘Sebilwane’ (1961) to consider their style and genre. The investigation starts with a review of prior studies of the Sepedi ballad, notably by Groenewald, Serudu, Mojalefa, Kruger and Lentsoane. Three research methods are used, namely explanation, description and comparison of the structure of a ballad. In exploring the Sepedi ballad form and whether there are ballads in Sepedi, the study is informed by narratology, which explains three aspects of the structure of a text (whether it is a narrative poem or a novel, short story or drama). This is relevant because ballads contain all the elements relevant to a narratological study, namely contents, a deliberate arrangement of the material, and style, as expressed in language. Scrutiny of prior studies on the Sepedi ballad reveals some disagreement about the genre. This study attempts to address the resultant difficulties around the categorisation of the ballad vs the epic in Sepedi literature. Serudu groups the Sepedi ballad, epic and praise poem together. This implies that these genres share some characteristics, even though there are important differences between the three types of poems. Groenewald admits that the central characteristic of the ballad is its narrative character, but he claims that there are no ballads in Sepedi. He categorises the ballad as a type of poem that narrates events of a poem, but states that its aim is not to praise the bravery of the main character, unlike in an epic or praise poem. These scholars, especially Serudu, do not engage with Kayser’s explanation of a ballad – he said that a ballad focuses on events as the biggest section of the narration. Kayser’s argument suggests that the main difference between the epic and the ballad is the focus of the poem: an epic is about a character, while the ballad emphasises actions. Thus character and action as the two pillars of the arrangement are very important in differentiating a ballad from other types of poems, such as narrative poems or praise poems. In a ballad, action builds until the conflict reaches a climax, which usually involves the meeting of the main opposing characters in a moment of panic and danger. To illustrate this contention, a ballad by Moganedi, ‘Maletsoge’, is analysed, relying on arrangement theory, focusing on the core of the matter and exposition only (this was all the scope of this investigation permitted). The concept of a ballad is explained by looking at six aspects: the origin, actions, characters, atmosphere and types of ballad. Ballads emphasise a feeling of sound and rhythm. Actions that take place in them are not as important as the spirit of song and rhythm. Hence, the actions in the ballad are not explained in full and the action often starts abruptly, in the middle of things, without any lengthy introduction. This often makes the listener curious and impatient to know what led to the action that opens the poem. Matome Fela’s ballad ‘Sebilwane’ (1961) is analysed with the focus on the arrangement of the writing style, as the third layer of a ballad. The text is shown to centre around the author’s point of view. That means that through the author’s language readers can understand the text and intention of the author. Readers are able to recognise the style as they read the text. That means the author’s language is very important when it comes to style, because it is what builds a relationship between the author and the readers, connecting them through dialogue and language. The language as an element of style has three functions: to call (to hear what is spoken), to focus on something (to see what is spoken) and to reveal feelings or emotions (those of the speaker about what he/she speaks of). This study emphasises the difference among content, plot structure and style of narratology. The concept of emotions was analysed by explaining the techniques that stand out in the stylistic arrangement in the ballad.
Interpreting services among the French-speaking asylum seekers at the Pretoria Home Affairs Refugee Centre and its aftermath
(University of Pretoria, 2018) Wolf, Renate; u12258271@tuks.co.za; Lukusa, John Katompa
This research was encouraged by the growing trend of migration that not only South Africa is facing but the world in general. French-speaking asylum seekers who require interpretation services constitute the subject of interest in this study. The high number of rejected asylum applications raised the question whether the quality of the interpreting service could be among the contributing factors, since a correct understanding of the applicant’s statement is crucial to enable the official at the Department of Home Affairs (DHA) to make a decision. This research has demonstrated that the role of the interpreter(s) at the DHA in the asylum-seeking process, which includes registration, interviews, and refugee status determination, is pivotal and can influence the outcome. This study argues that the lack of training among the interpreters who provide services at the DHA and failure to implement the interpreter’s Code of Ethics have failed many asylum seekers. The rights of asylum seekers would often be violated due to poor communication and interaction between the asylum seeker and the DHA official. This research led to the conclusion that many of the interpreters who provide a service at the Pretoria Refugee Reception Office do not carry out their functions in a professional manner, hence many asylum applications are unsatisfactory.
Re-interpreting Sen and Chihiro's spiriting away : a semiotic analysis and translation of Japanese animation
(University of Pretoria, 2018) Kruger-Roux, Helena; u29100454@tuks.co.za; Sanders, Lisa
Both within the field of translation studies and outside of the academic realm entirely, audiovisual translation is becoming an increasingly relevant and important topic, especially considering the rapid rate of globalisation thanks to the widespread prevalence of broadband internet. In the wake of the fansubbing phenomenon, the ‘traditional’ means of translating for the screen could be seen as becoming outdated and inappropriate for modern audiences, especially those who seek to connect and interact more with the source cultures of the media they consume, such as the typical audiences of Japanese animation (anime). By exploring and evaluating alternative means of translating audiovisual material, more of what is lost by the typically reductive methods of translating for the screen, especially where subtitling is concerned, could potentially be salvaged. This study introduces, applies and evaluates a semiotic model for the subtitling of a Japanese Animated film: Miyazaki’s 2001 Spirited Away. Subtitles created for the film according to this model are compared with those distributed along with the DVD version of the film, highlighting the key differences; namely the significant loss of information that occurs when subtitling according to traditionally prescribed methods and how this can be prevented by working from a semiotic framework.

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