Research Articles (School of Public Management and Administration (SPMA))

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/2506

The SPMA is well-placed within the Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences to expose students to a multi-disciplinary education.This allows for cross fertilization between fields and the holistic development of our graduates. Domestic and global challenges require that professionals and experts be multi-disciplinary in approach and that they be multi-skilled. Students and scholars of this field of study are experiencing a greater understanding of how international public officials institutions function. Students are now exposed to the possibility of seeking employment opportunities in international organisations like the United Nations, Organisation of African Unity, Commonwealth Secretariat, the World Bank, etc. SPMA commits itself to providing students and its teaching staff the privilege to acquire the knowledge and expertise appropriate for international management and administration.

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 426

Strategies and outcomes in school meal programmes : analysing the impact of domestic and international sourcing on feeding modalities
Huni, Chamunorwa; Sari, Ni Putu Wulan Purnama; Duong, Minh-Phuong Thi; Mazenda, Adrino; Budiono, Davy; Nguyen, Minh-Hoang; Vuong, Quan-Hoang (Emerald, 2026)
PURPOSE : The feeding modalities used in school meal programmes – such as breakfast, lunch, dinner, snacks and take-home rations – are influenced by various factors, including supply chain constraints and technical challenges in food distribution. The methods of supply sourcing, whether through domestic or foreign food reserves via in-kind donations or purchases, play a critical role in shaping the feeding options provided. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between various supply-sourcing strategies, i.e. domestic and foreign in-kind donations and purchases and the feeding modalities applied in school meal programmes. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH : The Bayesian Mindsponge Framework, combining the reasoning strengths of Mindsponge Theory and inference advantages of Bayesian analysis, was employed on a dataset of government representatives who manage large-scale school meal programmes across 126 countries. FINDINGS : The findings revealed that sourcing supplies through in-kind donations from neighbouring or distant countries showed a highly reliable negative relationship with the feeding modalities of school meal programmes, while those from the national bodies showed an ambiguous relationship. The purchasing methods – whether domestic or foreign – tended to exhibit positive relationships with feeding modalities, though these relationships were only weakly reliable. ORIGINALITY/VALUE : The findings reveal substantial room for improvement in the effectiveness of supply purchasing strategies in enhancing school meal programmes’ feeding modalities. Further research is needed to examine the impact of sourcing supplies through domestic in-kind donations on feeding outcomes. Additionally, developing strategic plans to optimize the use of in-kind donations from international organizations is strongly recommended to avoid their negative consequences and further enhance programme effectiveness.
Climate change risks and climate adaptation in agro-processing enterprises
Mazenda, Adrino; Obi, Ajuruchukwu; Kisaka-lwayo, Maggie; Antwi, Michael (Wiley, 2026-06)
While climate change research has focused mainly on primary agriculture, evidence shows that Agro-processing enterprises also face climate risks affecting resource availability and use. Using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), this study analysed how socio-demographic factors (sex, age, marital status, education, and training) influence participation in agro-enterprises and climate adaptation strategies among 113 agro-processing enterprises in Gauteng, South Africa. Results show that direct participation in Agro-processing does not significantly predict adaptation (β = 0.025), indicating profit-driven rather than resilience-oriented engagement. Education significantly enhances participation in Agro-processing (β = 0.325, 95% CI = [0.196, 0.457]) and adaptation (β = 0.325, 95% CI = [0.168, 0.477]), with a positive indirect effect (β = 0.106, 95% CI = [0.049, 0.173]). Sex negatively predicts participation (β = –0.181), showing higher female involvement, while other variables were insignificant. Policy interventions should integrate climate education, targeted training, and capacity-building initiatives to strengthen resilience among Agro-processing enterprises.
Resilience to food insecurity severity among rural, female-headed agrarian households in selected provinces of South Africa
Nkwana, Hunadi Mapula; Mazenda, Adrino (Taylor and Francis, 2025-01-01)
Despite their vulnerability to food insecurity, female-headed agrarian households demonstrate remarkable resilience in ensuring household food production. This paper utilises the Rasch and Probit models to delve into households’ resilience to the severity of food insecurity in 386 agrarian female-headed households, drawn from a sample of 2118 female-headed households in South Africa’s marginalised rural provinces of Eastern Cape and Limpopo, drawing on South Africa’s General Household Survey Citation2021/Citation2022. The Rasch model reveals that respondents who consumed few foods and ate less were food-secure (FS < 4). Those who skipped meals and ran out of food and resources were moderately food insecure (MFI 4-6). The probit findings showed that eating a few kinds of food more frequently can enhance the coping abilities of female-led farming households with food insecurity. A slight increase in consumption of these foods and eating them five or more times can improve their coping abilities by 0.454 and 0.259, respectively. A marginal increase in meal skipping is at odds with a decrease of 0.447 times in the number of female-headed agrarian households coping with food insecurity. An increase in food running out decreased the number of female-headed households practising agricultural activities and food insecurity by 0.635. The study recommends establishing safety nets and food emergency management systems to mitigate the impact of climate change and food shocks in female-headed agrarian households. Consequently, water conservation techniques, food storage, mixed cropping, and animal husbandry are needed for better nutritional outcomes. In addition, marketing and value-addition synergies should be encouraged to increase the sector's income-generation capacity.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of human security threats and approaches in South Africa : policing the known, governing the unknown
Ayodele, Austin A.; Mangai, Mary S. (Taylor and Francis, 2025-10-15)
This study examines human security and policing in South Africa, exploring how traditional and adaptive responses address known and unknown criminality across neighbourhoods. It explores gaps in governance and policing models related to security threats and the ongoing challenge of “policing the known and governing the unknown.” Meta-analysis of 54 studies from various sources (n=7,842)revealed that exposure to violence is associated with socioeconomic challenges, marginalisation, and youth unemployment in poor neighbourhoods. It identified a shift from traditional state-controlled policing to a hybrid security model, with more reliance on private security in wealthier urban areas. This underscores traditional policing’s inefficiency in addressing security needs in marginalised communities, concentrating security efforts in urban zones. Poorer, more volatile neighbourhoods are less policed despite rising risks, creating protection inequalities. The study emphasises that South Africa’s security approach must transition from a state-centric to amore inclusive, human-centric ideal. This involves bolstering state security forces, private security firms, and community-driven security initiatives for equitable access to security for all neighbourhoods. There view advocates for policies that ensure equitable security for all and promote collaboration among communities, public and private sectors, and address underlying socioeconomic issues that promote volatility and threats to human security.
Tailored paths towards gender equality : insights from South Africa and Australia
Inglesi-Lotz, Roula; Bohlmann, Jessika; Oosthuizen, Anna Maria; Chitiga-Mabugu, Margaret; Bohlmann, Heinrich; Njokwe, Getrude; Cabalu, Helen; Inchauspe, Julian; Suenaga, Hiroaki; Truong, N.T. Khuong (Wiley, 2025-12)
This study examines how context-specific gender equality policies address disparities by comparing South Africa's equity-based and Australia's equality-oriented approaches. Through a comparative lens, it analyses the effectiveness of tailored affirmative action policies, including South Africa's Employment Equity Act and Australia's Workplace Gender Equality Act, in addressing gender disparities. While South Africa emphasises redressing past imbalances and promoting equity for historically disadvantaged groups, Australia focuses on advancing workplace diversity and equitable pay. The analysis explores critical metrics such as the Global Gender Gap Index, employment-to-population ratios, and the Gender Inequality Index to highlight differences in progress and challenges each country faces. Findings reveal that although both countries prioritise gender equality, their approaches reflect distinct sociopolitical and economic priorities. South Africa's policies are deeply rooted in transformative justice and constitutional mandates, whereas Australia's initiatives integrate gender analysis into fiscal and corporate strategies. Despite progress, significant gaps persist, particularly in economic participation and societal gender biases. The study underscores the importance of evidence-based and context-specific policies in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 5. It advocates for exchanging insights and adapting strategies to local contexts, emphasising the limitations of universal solutions in addressing complex gender inequalities. By comparing these two cases, this research contributes to a broader understanding of how countries can advance gender equality while navigating unique historical and socio-economic landscapes.
Assessment of primary school learners' pedestrian behaviour using the theory of planned pehaviour : a cohort study
Van Dijk, Hilligje Gerritdina; Fourie, H.S.; Malan, Lianne Priscilla (Routledge, 2025)
The article presents findings from a research project funded by the South African National Roads Agency SOC Ltd, focusing on primary school learners aged ten to fourteen. According to Schwebel and McClure (2014), pedestrian injuries significantly increase child morbidity and mortality rates. Younger road users are far more vulnerable and have the highest risk of death and injury, with an estimated four times greater risk of collisions compared with adult road users. Pedestrian safety is, therefore, a growing community concern. The cohort study used a mixed method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative instruments. The instruments were conceptualised to determine which factors influence the pedestrian behavioural choices of primary school learners in selected schools across South Africa. The study tracked the learners over a three-year period to determine the influence of the learning on their pedestrian behaviour as they progressed with their education from Grade 4 to Grade 6. Using the theory of planned behaviour, the research further aims to identify what specific indicators could be identified in determining pedestrian behaviour while also attempting to generate a more holistic understanding of a complex phenomenon, which in this case is road safety behaviour.
Reimagining public service delivery : digitalising initiatives for accountability and efficiency
Mangai, Mary S.; Ayodele, Austin A. (MDPI, 2025-12-04)
This study examines the critical success factors for digital transformation in South Africa’s public services, where systemic inefficiency, corruption, and limited transparency have eroded public trust. Using a PRISMA-guided systematic literature review of 64 studies, this study synthesises evidence on digital governance challenges and opportunities through the lenses of New Public Management and Digital-Era Governance, complemented by value co-creation and a citizen-centred design. The analysis shows that transformation efforts often falter because of infrastructure deficits, bureaucratic resistance, and policy misalignment. Successful initiatives rest on five mutually reinforcing pillars: (1) coherent policy and regulatory frameworks; (2) equitable and reliable digital infrastructure; (3) committed leadership with sustained institutional capacity-building; (4) meaningful citizen engagement via co-design and co-production; and (5) data-enabled accountability and process efficiency. Persistent barriers include disparities in access and digital skills across municipalities, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, and legacy–system incompatibilities that impede end-to-end integration. This study proposes an implementation framework that aligns technical solutions with governance reforms, such as depoliticised administration, performance-based accountability, and localised service customization to enhance operational efficiency and rebuild trust. It concludes that bridging the digital divide and embedding context-sensitive, participatory, and ethically grounded approaches are essential for sustainable digital transformation in South Africa’s unequal socioeconomic landscape.
Influences on e-governance in Africa : a study of economic, political, and infrastructural dynamics
Olumekor, Michael; Mangai, Mary S.; Madumo, Onkgopotse S.; Mohiuddin, Muhammad; Polbitsyn, Sergey N. (Wiley, 2025-03)
E-governance is considered one of the most important factors in delivering and administering public services in modern societies. However, data show that many African countries are currently lagging behind countries in other parts of the world. This manuscript investigates how various factors, including economic prosperity, government effectiveness, and infrastructural support, contribute to the growth and effectiveness of e-governance initiatives in 54 African countries. We specifically analyze the influence of three factors: economic prosperity (measured by GDP per capita), political competence (measured by government effectiveness), and infrastructural or technological support (measured by access to electricity). Panel data covering a 5-year period were retrieved from databases of the United Nations and World Bank, and a multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the data. We found that the three factors influenced e-governance to varying degrees. However, while infrastructural support and political competence were statistically significant, economic prosperity was not.
Validation of an existing racial and ethnic microaggressions scale within the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality in South Africa
Oosthuizen, Marie; Tshiyoyo, Michel; Malan, Lianne Priscilla (Wiley, 2025-08)
The local government workplace in post-apartheid South Africa represents an important environment to examine employee perceptions on the occurrence of microaggressions. However, since the advent of democracy in 1994, the country has faced numerous challenges in its quest for the implementation of rights pertaining to unity, diversity, inclusion and non-racialism. The main struggle is for the country to create an inclusive workforce that responds to fundamental rights enshrined in the preamble of the Constitution of 1996 which stipulates: ‘we are united in our diversity’. This article intends to assess microaggressions and social cohesion at the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality (CTMM) in order to find out whether the Microaggressions Theory developed in the field of psychology in the United States of America (US) could be applied in the field of public administration in South Africa. The aim is to determine whether subtle forms of negative behaviour or environmental indignities contribute to perceptions of enduring racism and discrimination in a diverse workplace. A mixed methods approach was followed. The reliability and validity of an existing questionnaire, developed in the US by a psychologist, were tested in the CTMM. The statistical relationship between types of racial microaggressions and social cohesion, which forms part of the South African government's policies towards enhancing race relations in the country, was also measured. Results indicated that the Microaggressions Theory can be applied in the field of public administration in South Africa.
A framework for made in Africa evaluation and influence of the African peer review mechanism on policy outcomes
Kizito, Martin; Tshiyoyo, Michel; Mazenda, Adrino (Emerald, 2025-08)
PURPOSE : This paper proposes a framework for operationalising the implementation of the Made in Africa Evaluation (MAE) Peer Review Mechanism through the lens of the Ugandan evaluation processes (inputs, activities, and outputs) and the impacts of African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) on policy outcomes. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH : A case study design was adopted, utilising qualitative data collected from 35 participants through interviews and focus group discussions (FGD) in Uganda. This approach aims to understand the perceptions of APRM stakeholders, who were purposively selected based on their roles in the first and second-generation peer reviews conducted between 2005 and 2021. FINDINGS : The empirical data revealed that APRM’s influence on public policy varies depending on the nature of the process elements, providing guidance to stakeholders and researchers regarding the relevant inputs, activities, and outputs. Lessons from this study emphasise the importance of inclusive planning, adequate resource capacity, timely reporting, a well-domesticated legal framework, and a culture of using findings from evaluations in national plans and budgets. ORIGINALITY/VALUE : Evidence drawn from stakeholders’ experiences informs a context-based operational framework for enhancing the evaluation influence of APRM implementation, thereby addressing the gap in the application of MAE.
Interrogating multi-level government power dynamics and cooperation in Zimbabwe : evidence from Harare city council
Marumahoko, Sylvester; Nhede, Norman Tafirenyika; Mapuva, Jephias (Elsevier, 2025-09)
This article examines the relationship between Zimbabwe's national government and the Harare City Council (HCC) in managing the city's public affairs. It explores how this interaction influences governance in Harare, drawing on the theory of intergovernmental relations. Through document analysis, the study dissects the structure and nature of the system between the two spheres of government. The findings reveal a strained relationship, largely due to power imbalances, with instances where the national government has encroached on local government responsibilities. Despite these challenges, the paper concludes with an optimistic outlook, suggesting that both levels of government can achieve their shared goals by fostering trust, cooperation, and collaboration, and by nurturing a more effective intergovernmental framework.
Assessing the needs of healthcare information for assisting family caregivers in cancer fear management : a mindsponge-based approach
Sari, Ni Putu-Wulan Purnama; Mazenda, Adrino; Duong, Minh-Phuong Thi; Putra, Made Mahaguna; Yudamuckti, Pande Made Arbi; Nguyen, Minh-Hoang; Vuong, Quan-Hoang (Springer, 2025-05)
Please read abstract in the article.
Beyond poverty alleviation : the impact of child support grants on healthcare access and contraception use in South Africa
Nhede, Norman Tafirenyika; Mazenda, Adrino; Gondwe, Dymon (Elsevier, 2025-12)
This study examines the impact of Child Support Grants (CSGs) on access to medical care and contraception use in South Africa, investigating whether social assistance can enhance healthcare access beyond its primary aim of alleviating poverty. While previous research highlights CSGs' poverty reduction and welfare enhancement effects, little is known about their effects on healthcare and reproductive healthcare access, especially given South Africa's healthcare disparities. Using data from the first wave of the 2020 National Income Dynamics Study—Coronavirus Rapid Mobile Survey (NIDS-CRAM), this study employs mediation analysis to analyse the effects of CSG receipt on healthcare and contraception access while controlling for socio-economic factors. The findings indicate a complex relationship. CSGs have a positive but insignificant indirect effect on healthcare and contraception access and a significant negative direct effect, suggesting that the current grant structure may not adequately address existing barriers. The results highlight the need for policy changes, indicating that while CSGs are vital as a social safety net, their effectiveness in improving healthcare access could be enhanced through increased grant amounts and targeted interventions to address healthcare costs and structural barriers.
Politicising violent gangs in selected Southern African countries : a comparative review of violent crime
Mangai, Mary S.; Ayodele, Austin A. (Taylor and Francis, 2025-09-10)
this study explores the politicisation and violence associated with criminal gangs in three Southern African countries. A qualitative meta-synthesis of sixty reputable articles from scholarly databases, including Science direct, SAGe, Google Scholar, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and Taylor & Francis, reveals that gangs emerged from socioeconomic disparities, marginalisation, and weak governance in South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique. criminal gangs have evolved into powerful entities due to their entanglement with political structures, influencing governance, security, and the economy. corruption, state-sponsored violence, and political manipulation sustain their existence, aided by economic marginalisation, persistent poverty, widespread youth unemployment, and illicit economies like drug trafficking and illegal mining. Many gangs function as political tools, orchestrating electoral violence, controlling resources, and territorial disputes, blurring crime and political activism. their activities destabilise communities, erode trust in institutions, and hinder economic development. Gang power is reinforced by selective law enforcement, political patronage, and corruption insecurity agencies, rendering conventional policing ineffective. combating gang violence requires policy measures beyond militarised crackdowns; community policing, restorative justice, and social reintegration programmes can mitigate gang influence and decrease their exploitation by political actors. without broad reform, criminal-political networks will continue to threaten state legitimacy and regional stability.
Improving stakeholder harmonisation and policy development processes in the national system of innovation
Mbuyazi, Zodwa; Mazenda, Adrino; Mmakola, David (Wiley, 2025-05)
The governance of innovation is a major challenge within the broad discourse on the successful formulation and implementation of innovation policy. This study adopted a qualitative research approach and case study design to analyse the policy development processes and stakeholder harmonisation in the South African National System of Innovation (NSI). Interviews were conducted with 30 actors within the NSI. The study's findings about the NSI policy development are consistent with South Africa's approach to involving stakeholders in policy-making. However, a notable gap in broad-based participation was identified, indicating that policy development is not adequately filtered across the entire innovation landscape. This gap has led to a misunderstanding about responsibilities and NSI actors' contributions to the NSI, negatively affecting the harmonisation of actors' roles. The study recommends addressing fragmentation and improving integration and communication through information sharing, community engagement, consultations, local and international partnerships and advancing policy development approaches.
Perceptions of beneficiaries of informal social protection initiatives in Uganda : an exploratory factor analysis approach
Lubinga, Stellah N. ; Lubinga, Moses Herbert; Tyanai, Masiya; Asilla, Rodney (Wiley, 2025-09)
Informal social protection interventions are instrumental in improving people's welfare through fostering income growth and enabling self-sufficiency. Whereas the success of some informal social protection initiatives has been acknowledged and documented, there is limited knowledge of the factors influencing the performance of informal social protection initiatives, especially in developing countries like Uganda. In this study, we identify and isolate the perceived factors influencing the performance of informal social protection initiatives. We use exploratory factor analysis on a sample of 130 beneficiaries of two informal social protection interventions in the Alebtong and Kampala districts of Uganda. Findings reveal that the performance of informal social protection interventions is perceived to be influenced by three categories of factors, collectively accounting for 62.4% of the total dataset variance which is more than the threshold of 50%. The factors are beneficiary empowerment, welfare enhancement and coverage and equality. Each factor encompasses a cluster of variables that collectively capture the essential dimensions of individual perceptions concerning the effect of informal social protection initiatives. This research offers valuable insights into how the beneficiaries perceive informal social protection initiatives, shedding light on the nuanced factors contributing to their effectiveness in Uganda.
Supply-sourcing strategies and dietary diversity in school meal programs : a Bayesian-mindsponge approach
Agung, Deatri Arumsari; Li, Dan;; Asilla, Rodney; Mazenda, Adrino; Sari, Ni Putu Wulan Purnama; Nguyen, Minh-Hoang; Vuong, Quan-Hoang (Taylor and Francis, 2025)
This study aimed to examine the impact of various supply-sourcing strategies on the dietary diversity of school meal supplies. The Bayesian Mindsponge Framework was employed on a dataset of 126 government representatives who manage large-scale school meal programs among participating countries. Obtaining supplies in-kind from national sources and foreign purchasing had a significant positive association with dietary diversity in school meals/snacks, while in-kind supplies from other countries showed a negative association. Domestic purchasing showed an ambiguous association. Strategic supply-sourcing, e.g., domestic in-kind and foreign purchasing, significantly contributes to the dietary diversity of school meal supplies.
Market imperfection and rural-urban effects of agriculture and non-agriculture productivity shocks : a dynamic CGE model analysis for South Africa
Mabugu, Ramos E.; Fofana, Ismael; Chitiga-Mabugu, Margaret (Nan Yang Academy of Sciences, 2025-09)
This study uses a recursive dynamic Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model focused on South Africa to explore the interconnections between strategic initiatives in agricultural and non-agricultural sectors within a rural development strategy. It assesses how different policy interventions affect agricultural growth and rural household well-being, considering two scenarios: one targeting agricultural growth and the other non-agricultural growth. It is observed that Gross Domestic Product (GDP) experiences an elevation of 1.1 percentage points above the baseline growth rate with a 1% increase in agricultural productivity. Though agriculture contributes just 2.5% to the national GDP, its projected impact on annual growth rate of 1.1 percentage points is expected to boost the economy, adding one billion rand to non-agricultural sectors. In return, non-agricultural industries positively affect agricultural growth and rural consumption. Sectors aiding rural areas include food, beverages, tobacco; mining; transport; and catering. Meanwhile, urban-favoured sectors are government, finance, business services, retail, manufacturing, health, and community services. The findings underscore two primary considerations for policymakers. Firstly, although the agricultural sector's contribution to GDP is modest, emphasizing agricultural enhancement can result in accelerated growth, improved resource allocation to the sector, and poverty alleviation, particularly when synergized with supportive non-agricultural measures. Secondly, growth in non-agricultural sectors does not uniformly support agricultural and rural income growth; sectors such as agro-industrial and exportable industries primarily bolster agriculture by mitigating real exchange rate appreciation.
Urban food insecurity and its determinants among migrant households
Mazenda, Adrino; Althaus, Catherine; Tani, Massimiliano (Wiley, 2025-01)
This study utilized the Linear Probability Model to examine the determinants of food insecurity among migrant households in the Gauteng City region of South Africa. 13,616 households were selected using random sampling and a cross-section design. The study findings showed that age and level of education reduce the probability of skipping a meal among internal and international migrant households. Having medical aid is negatively associated with food insecurity – a sign of affordability. Part-time jobs increase the likelihood of experiencing food insecurity for both internal and international migrants. Access to indigency and government support were associated with a higher probability of food insecurity among international migrants. Government support in food parcels is also associated with food insecurity for internal migrants. In contrast, ethnicity has no statistically significant effect on food security for internal migrants relative to native residents. Policy focus on inclusivity in social service provision, employment access and urban agriculture can likely help improve the food insecurity status of internal and international migrant households in the Gauteng City Region.
Obstacles to multisectoral maternal and child healthcare financing in Uganda : insights from policy bureaucrats
Kusiima, Maureen Sylvia; Van Dijk, Gerda; Mangai, Mary S.; Olaniyan, Olanrewaju; Lubinga, Stellah N. (BioMed Central, 2025-07)
Maternal and child healthcare (MCH) financing is a global priority, and it is one of the core components of the health systems building blocks. Ensuring adequate MCH financing is critical for better MCH outcomes, but it remains challenging for most developing countries, including Uganda. The country’s major structural limitation is its over dependence on donor funding for MCH, which is increasingly shrinking and threatens the current healthcare financing approaches. This study investigates the barriers to effective multisectoral financing for maternal and child health (MCH) in Uganda. To deepen the understanding of these challenges, the research adopted a qualitative methodology, combining semi-structured in-depth interviews with a focused literature review. A total of eight interviews were conducted with key MCH stakeholders. These interviews were complemented by a review of 19 authoritative documents related to MCH financing in Uganda. The study employed thematic analyses to comprehensively present the data. The study identifies several challenges to multisectoral MCH financing, including the absence of a specific and explicit MCH framework on MCH financing, poor understanding of the meaning of multisectoral collaboration in MCH financing, low acceptance of prepayment forms of financing, and failure to fulfill pledges and government commitments. Moreover, the lack of clear and streamlined stakeholders’ roles and responsibilities, the failure to prioritise and include MCH issues in all national policies, and fragmentation and vertical funding limit the leveraging of MCH resources. Delays in approving the financing frameworks have hindered the implementation of the financing instruments, thus affecting the pooling of MCH funds in Uganda. This study concludes that, considering the diminishing MCH financial resources due to gaps in current financing frameworks, the Government of Uganda should strengthen and enhance its legal and policy financing instruments.

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