An overview of sore throat, strep throat and tonsilitis

Abstract

Pharyngitis and tonsilitis are common reasons why people seek medical care. These diseases are commonly caused by viral and bacterial infections, with group A β-haemolytic streptococcus being pharyngitis's most common bacterial pathogen. The majority of tonsilitis cases are of viral aetiology. The symptoms of viral and bacterial infections often overlap, making it difficult to distinguish them. These symptoms generally resolve within a few days with symptomatic treatment, however, in some cases, the use of antibiotics is necessary. The prescription of antibiotics for the treatment of pharyngitis and tonsilitis should be justified to avoid irrational antibiotic prescribing, which contributes to antimicrobial resistance. This article provides a brief overview of the symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatment of pharyngitis and tonsilitis.