The cultural beliefs of the Vhavenda on the causes and transmission of sexually transmitted infections

Abstract

Cultural and ethnic identity and folk beliefs play a decisive role in perceptions, attitudes and practices regarding health care and illness. Such beliefs and practices of a community may have an influence on the causes and transmission of diseases, including sexually transmitted diseases. The purpose of the study on which this article is based, was to describe cultural beliefs of the Vhavenda on the causes and transmission of sexually transmitted infections. A qualitative research approach using grounded theory was used. In-depth interviews were held with thirteen keyinformants in the community and seven traditional healers. Snowball and theoretical sampling were used to identify the participants. The results showed that the concept “dirt” (uncleanliness) is viewed by the Vhavenda as the main cause of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The understanding of “dirt” is placed in the context of uncleanliness in the form of vaginal discharges such as menstruation, post-abortion discharges and lochia (post-partum discharges). Women are viewed as carriers of STIs. Knowledge of cultural beliefs of the Vhavenda on the causes and transmission of STIs can serve as a point of departure in providing health education about sexually transmitted infections. The initiative may assist to facilitate change in clients’ health behaviour and enabling health practitioners to render culturally congruent care.