City-making Architecture : the processes and practices contributing to the detachment between architecture and cities in South Africa

Abstract

In the South African context, architecture exhibits two contrasting paradigms: one characterised by an emphasis on aesthetics, signature style and commercial-driven design, and the other marked by a commitment to meaningful city-making strategies. While architecture plays a pivotal role in shaping the identity of post-apartheid cities – providing safety, security, and the opportunities for civic engagement – concerns arise regarding whether the current architectural discourse effectively supports and promotes committed city-making architecture. This study investigates the processes, practices and education contributing to the detachment between architecture and the city in South African, where historical legacies of division continue to influence the urban environment. The study is carried out through a content analysis of awarded architectural projects, interviews with key role players and surveys. Findings suggest that prevailing architectural practices and values emphasize individualistic, aesthetic, and privatised expressions that often detach from the urban fabric, contributing minimally to addressing urban deficiencies. Consequently, the study concludes that for South African cities to evolve into livable and functional spaces that reconcile historical divisions, a fundamental shift is necessary in architectural education, promotion, and recognition, towards a value-driven architectural urbanism.