Adoption as an alternative for African couples living with infertility : a pastoral approach

Abstract

In Africa, a marriage without children is considered ‘unfruitful and unsuccessful’ (Rasak and Oladipo 2017:44). Unfruitful marriages are usually not treated with kindness. It is perceived as a misfortune and a curse (Ademiluka 2021:2). Couples who fail to fulfil this ‘significant duty’ of raising children are exposed to scorn, ridicule, neglect and stigmatization. Adoption could be an alternative to childlessness. However, there are also cultural barriers with regard to adoption, including religious and cultural beliefs. This qualitative study investigates the acceptability of adoption in an African context through a narrative inquiry involving thirty participants – ten couples living with infertility and ten pastors. The aim is to highlight the relevant factors that may influence the ‘decision-making process’ of African Christian couples considering adoption. It further explores pastoral practices to come up with a ‘contextual pastoral response’ to the circumstances of childless couples in the African cultural environment who are living with infertility and are considering adoption. A thematic analysis led in the following meta-themes: (1) challenges of infertility, (2) perceptions of adoption, (3) decision to adopt, (4) acceptance for adoption, (5) management of the adoption process, and (6) promoting adoption. These results indicate that adoption is a viable alternative in many ways. However, not many African couples really consider it seriously. Concerns include the lack of kinship with the adopted child, worries about the child’s genetic background, stigmatization from society, judgment from the family, fear of adjustment issues, a fear of being deserted by their children in their last years, and worries about their ability to love an adopted child. Factors that influence the acceptance of adoption included positive personal experiences, exposure to positive cases of adoption, education with regard to matters of adoption, the emotional relief having a child could bring, the validation of the adoption by the family and faith community, and positive societal attitudes. The study found that pastors and faith communities can actively reduce the stigmatization surrounding adoption and enhance public awareness, fostering a more informed and supportive environment for all involved. This can be done by supporting couples who want to adopt. The public and the media can portray positive adoption stories. Religious leaders can facilitate education on matters of adoption and parenting. They can work actively to create v awareness. Faith communities can show their support by means of material, social and spiritual assistance for couples dealing with infertility and those who adopt a child.