Abstract:
INTRODUCTION : The purpose of this study is to establish the efficacy of Yonsei point in
the treatment of a gummy smile in a White South African population. The accurate
surface anatomy criteria in relation to the underlying musculature for the
administration of Botulinum toxin injections in the treatment of gummy smile was
determined.
MATERIALS AND METHODS : Nineteen (10 males and 9 females) cadavers were selected
for facial dissection. Facial profile photographs were taken before and after
dissection. The before and after photographs were overlayed to determine where
the pin positions should be on the dissected cadaver to determine the Yonsei point.
The levator labii superioris (LLS), LLS alaeque nasi (LLSAN), zygomaticus minor, and
zygomaticus major muscles were measured using a protractor and ruler, which
accounted for the manual measurements. Digital measurements were measured by
importing dissected images into ImageJ. Circles with a 2 cm diameter (1 cm radius)
were constructed to determine whether the Yonsei point could successfully
influence muscles fibers.
RESULTS : Digital and manual measurements show comparable results with high
correlation and reliability. Results showed that the White South African population
had narrower facial musculature angles as compared with the Korean population.
CONCLUSION : Based on the selected sample, the Yonsei point is an ineffective injection
site for the successful treatment of gummy smile in a White South African
population.
