Abstract:
Pregestational type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM) diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes
mellitus (GDM) are associated with increased rates of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Adverse outcomes are more common in women with pregestational diabetes compared to GDM;
although, conflicting results have been reported. This systematic review aims to summarise and
synthesise studies that have compared adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnancies complicated by
pregestational diabetes and GDM. Three databases, Pubmed, EBSCOhost and Scopus were searched
to identify studies that compared adverse outcomes in pregnancies complicated by pregestational
T1DM and T2DM, and GDM. A total of 20 studies met the inclusion criteria and are included in this
systematic review. Thirteen pregnancy outcomes including caesarean section, preterm birth, congenital anomalies, pre-eclampsia, neonatal hypoglycaemia, macrosomia, neonatal intensive care unit
admission, stillbirth, Apgar score, large for gestational age, induction of labour, respiratory distress
syndrome and miscarriages were compared. Findings from this review confirm that pregestational
diabetes is associated with more frequent pregnancy complications than GDM. Taken together, this
review highlights the risks posed by all types of maternal diabetes and the need to improve care and
educate women on the importance of maintaining optimal glycaemic control to mitigate these risks.
Description:
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS : Table S1: PRISMA guidelines, Table S2:
Studies correlating types of diabetes in pregnancy and adverse outcomes, Table S3: Newcastle–
Ottawa Scale, Table S4: Risk of bias scores.
