Abstract:
Uterine arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare, with approximately 100 described
cases. They can be either congenital or acquired, with acquired AVMs mainly being associated with pregnancy related iatrogenic uterine trauma. Congenital AVMs are rarer, they
originate from anomalous differentiation in the primitive capillary network, resulting in
anomalous communication between the arteries and veins. In this article, we present and
discuss 2 cases of uterine AVMs aged 21 and 22 with P0G2M2 and P0G1M1 respectively. Both
cases presented with repeated episodes of profuse vaginal bleeding. Ultrasound (US) examination revealed classical signs of uterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM) confirmed
on computerized tomography angiography (CTA) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA).
The present case report highlights on the type of uterine malformations with their clinical
presentation, imaging findings and management. Uterine AVM’s are either congenital or
acquired, clinically they are suspected if a pulsatile mass or bruit is felt in the pelvis. They
may be confused with gestational related pathologies (retained products of conception, gestational trophoblastic disease), other vascular anomalies (hemangiomas), or malignancies
of the uterus. In a case of suspected uterine AVM, clinical examination and diagnostic imaging, particularly quantitative ultrasound blood flow measurements, plays an important role.
