Research Articles (Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS))

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/51279

The University of Pretoria’s Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) is a leading business school in the heart of Illovo, Johannesburg, close to the Sandton business hub. Academic programmes as well as a wide range of executive courses are availble and can be custom-designed to suit specific company needs.

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The impact of IT ambidexterity on organizational agility : the mediating role of organizational change capacity
(Association for Information Systems, 2025-03) Rawat, Waseem; Barnes, Justin
BACKGROUND : Organizational agility (OA) is recognized as a vital capability for competitiveness in dynamic business environments. While IT capabilities are acknowledged as a potential source of OA, there is limited research on the agility-enabling role of IT ambidexterity (ITA), which is the dual pursuit of IT exploitation and IT exploration. In particular, the influence of ITA on market capitalizing agility (MCA) and operational adjustment agility (OAA), which are key agility dimensions, remains unexplored. Although prior work has argued that intermediary organizational capabilities may be required to translate IT capabilities into OA, no previous studies have considered the role of organizational change capacity (OCC), in the ITA-OA relationship. To address these gaps, we draw on the dynamic capability view and the IT-enabled agility literature to examine the relationships between ITA and MCA, OAA, and OA, and propose that OCC mediates these relationships. METHOD : A comprehensive quantitative approach, involving the development of a robust research instrument, was used to empirically investigate the relationships between the constructs. Survey data was collected from 173 IT professionals. The analysis was performed using partial least squares structural equation modelling to assess the measurement model and to test the hypotheses. RESULTS : Our findings reveal that ITA has a direct positive impact on MCA, OAA, and OA, while OCC partially mediates the ITA-MCA, ITA-OAA, and ITA-OA relationships. All measurement and structural model assessment criteria were met, demonstrating the robustness of our conceptualized model. CONCLUSION : The results highlight the importance of balancing IT exploitation and exploration to foster OA, particularly through OAA and MCA, and introduces OCC as an intermediary capability that facilitates the translation of ITA into OA, and its dimensions. The theoretical arguments and empirical evidence offer insights for future research and organizational practice into the direct and indirect role of ITA in developing organizational dynamic capabilities.
Two decades of foreign direct investment in Africa : a systematic literature review, integrative framework, and agenda for future research
(Inderscience, 2025-08) Ameyaw, Abdul-Kadir; Panibratov, Andrei
Despite the increase in research efforts on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in International Business (IB), the literature on FDI in Africa suffers from disintegration, theoretical boundaries and empirical vagueness, leaving important countenances uninvestigated. The purpose of this article is to reveal how much work has been done, what knowledge has been obtained, and what directions need to be taken for future FDI in Africa research. We conduct a systematic literature review of pertinent theoretical and empirical studies encompassing 105 articles from reputable management and economics journals on FDI in Africa. Our study contributes to this body of scholarship by identifying and discussing prior research, agglomerating them into themes, providing a structured debate about what is already known, as well as offering an explanation of why and how Africa is a distinctive context different from other emerging markets. We further develop an integrative framework that provides extensive knowledge of contemporary and promising avenues for future research.
Enhancing financial inclusion and entrepreneurship drive in Africa : do digital technologies matter?
(Wiley, 2025-09) Mathibe, Motshedisi Sina; Oppong, Clement
The study investigates the use of digital technologies in promoting entrepreneurship and financial inclusion (FI) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Employing an exploratory and quantitative design, the research utilises a longitudinal dataset spanning 2016–2023, aligning with the UN SDGs implementation. Secondary data from 30 SSA nations were analysed, based on specific inclusion criteria and data availability, to examine the interplay between FI, digital technologies (DT), and entrepreneurship. A Pooled OLS regression model was used to assess the impact of digital technologies on FI and entrepreneurial drive in Africa. Recognising potential limitations of the pooled OLS model, including omitted variable bias and specification error, the GMM was applied as a robust check. Modern financial services like mobile banking, fintech solutions, and digital platforms significantly enhance FI and entrepreneurship success in underdeveloped regions. The study stressed the need for diverse financial products, regulations, and policies tailored to varying socio-economic backgrounds. The research contributes to existing literature by exploring how customer-centric innovations and stakeholder collaboration can sustainably promote FI, entrepreneurship, the achievement of SDGs, and economic growth in Africa.
Navigating market turbulence : a configurational perspective of ambidextrous innovation in strengthening organizational resilience in sub- Saharan Africa
(NISC Pty (Ltd) and Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group, 2025-07) Okrah, Andrews Osei; Boso, Nathaniel; Mensah, Henry Kofi
This study investigates the relationship between ambidextrous innovation capabilities and organizational resilience in Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSMEs) in Ghana, with a focus on the moderating role of external market turbulence. Drawing on data from 285 MSMEs, the research adopts a quantitative approach, employing confirmatory factor analysis and Hayes PROCESS Macro to test the hypotheses. The findings reveal that ambidextrous innovation – comprising both exploitative and exploratory dimensions – positively influences organizational resilience, enabling firms to adapt to challenges and capitalize on opportunities. Additionally, the study highlights the significant moderating effect of external market turbulence, wherein higher turbulence levels strengthen the positive impact of ambidextrous innovation on resilience. These results contribute to the literature on innovation and resilience by providing empirical evidence from the sub-Saharan African context, particularly in MSMEs operating in volatile markets. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, with recommendations for MSMEs to foster balanced innovation capabilities to enhance their resilience in uncertain environments. The study also identifies areas for future research, including exploring additional contextual variables and expanding similar studies to other regions.
The role of the petroleum franchise ecosystem actors in providing business support for HDSA franchisees
(Wiley, 2025) Sundram, Maria; Fourie, Alicia; FourieA@gibs.co.za
Petroleum retail franchising plays a significant role in the South African economy. Despite the implementation of government policy regimes, this continues to be a complex industry for historically disadvantaged South Africans (HDSA) to navigate. To understand the business support required for HDSA franchisees, the study adapts the entrepreneurial ecosystem model through the theoretical lens of Stewardship theory, positing that a collaborative stance between the franchisor and franchisee is more suitable for long-term survival. The qualitative study was conducted with 19 HDSA franchisees in South Africa (SA) through semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis revealed four main business support themes required by HDSA franchisees, which are (1) Franchisor Engagement, (2) Preparation, (3) Business Model Adaptability and (4) Employee Transition. Although the findings align with existing literature on franchise relationships, this study offers new insights by exploring the distinct South African context, particularly regarding employee transition dynamics within franchise units. Notably, the research reveals that contrary to the classical view of franchising as a low-risk entrepreneurial path, HDSA franchisees often face significant challenges. This study enriches the literature by highlighting the unique complexities of employee transitions during ownership changes in SA, identifying a critical gap in the current franchising research and practice. The franchise ecosystem approach has provided clarity on the key actors and how their roles can be leveraged to enhance the petroleum franchising sector.
Pygmalion leadership, psychological capital and task performance : examining their inter-relationships among hotel employees
(Routledge, 2025) Ansong, Abraham; Ennin, Ethel Esi; Acquah, Innocent Senyo Kwasi; Andoh, Raphael Papa Kweku
Pygmalion leaders set high expectations of their employees such that the employees strive to meet such expectations which improves their performance. It is observed that clarity is required to fully understand the mechanisms by which such leaders foster employees’ task performance. Thus, the mediating role of psychological capital (PsyCap) in the connection between Pygmalion leadership and hotel employees’ task performance is examined. The direct links between Pygmalion leadership and employees’ task performance; Pygmalion leadership and PsyCap; and PsyCap and employees’ task performance were first examined. Through PLS-SEM, it is established that positive and significant relationships exist between the direct links. Finally, the Pygmalion leadership and employees’ task performance nexus is mediated by PsyCap. Implications for hotel managers and scholars are offered.
Leader competencies for building psychological safety in hybrid teams : a South African FMCG sector study
(AOSIS, 2025-06) Ngubane, Ntando; Mbokota, Gloria; mbokotag@gibs.co.za
PURPOSE : Psychological safety has attracted a fair amount of research in recent years, with most scholars focusing on its importance in driving team performance. Little attention, although, has been given to how leaders build an environment of psychological safety, especially in hybrid work teams in organisations, which have become popular since the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This study aimed to explore how leaders create a psychologically safe environment for hybrid work teams, including the required leader competencies. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH : This was a cross-sectional qualitative study in which 20 managers from 13 multinationals in the fast-moving consumer goods sector were interviewed to share their views on how they built psychological safety, and the leader competencies needed to create such an environment for hybrid work teams. FINDINGS/RESULTS : While managers are generally aware of the importance of psychological safety in their organisations, the latter has not been given the priority attention it deserves. It should be a strategic imperative to ensure that leaders develop the competencies (such as emotional intelligence and accountability) needed to create and maintain a psychologically safe environment. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS : Building on Edmondson’s framework, the study contributes a three-phase framework to guide leaders in creating a psychologically safe environment in which hybrid work teams can thrive. ORIGINALITY/VALUE : Whereas most previous studies on psychological safety have been conducted in relation to traditional teams, this study extends the application of psychological safety theory on hybrid work teams.
Business growth mentorship for female-owned enterprises in South Africa
(AOSIS, 2025-07) Lekoloane, Karabo; Mamabolo, Anastacia; Mbokota, Gloria; mamaboloa@gibs.co.za
PURPOSE : This study examines the role of mentorship offered to female entrepreneurs during the growth phase of their businesses. Applying social cognitive theory (SCT), we examine the personal, behavioural and environmental factors that contribute to learning outcomes as a result of a mentoring relationship. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH : The study adopted a qualitative research design to understand the role mentoring has on female entrepreneurs in South Africa who have been mentored either individually or participated in a group mentoring programme. We adopted a purposive sampling technique, identifying and selecting female entrepreneurs who have been running their businesses for a minimum of 3 years and have been through a type of mentorship programme either as an individual or in a group format. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with 21 participants. FINDINGS/RESULTS : The study findings indicate that mentoring offered to female entrepreneurs enhances their cognitive skills. These provide the foundation for enabling leadership and business management skills development, building resilience and business stability, which leads to business growth. The constellation of these skills forms higher-order entrepreneurial scaling competencies, although these depend on the type or format of the mentorship. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS : The study provided practitioners with a framework of competencies that could serve as a guide for mentoring established women entrepreneurs as they scale their business ventures. Furthermore, the study offers insights into how various forms of mentorship contribute to the development of competencies for scaling. ORIGINALITY/VALUE : This study contributes an empirical model to the extant literature that showcases the role of mentorship for female entrepreneurs in business growth. The study has implications for practice by demonstrating that the format of mentorship, individual or group, leads to different outcomes on business growth; therefore, practitioners who provide business development services and institutions who train entrepreneurs need to consider this in designing their programme.
Nonlinearities in FDI allocations : why good institutions matter more with rising FDI locational concentrations
(Africa Growth Institute, 2024-12) Fedderke, Johannes W.; Luiz, John; Barnard, Helena
This paper extends an established finding: that institutions are important for foreign direct investment (FDI). Our results show that institutions are both more and less important than previous empirical results suggest. This is because the concentration of FDI in a location matters. Theoretically, if institutions serve a risk-mitigating role, then rising locational concentration of FDI compromises the risk diversification function that multiple locations for FDI provides. This can be offset by high-quality institutions. The implication is that the impact of institutions on FDI will be enhanced with rising FDI concentration. Empirically, we examine the locations of outward FDI from South Africa from 1996-2019, confirming the presence of a strong association between FDI and an institutions-FDI concentration interaction term. The result is robust to many alternative means of measuring institutions and to a number of alternative means of representing the implied nonlinearity in estimation. The inference is that for any location that is intent on attracting strong concentrations of FDI inflows, the general precept that sound institutions are important in attracting FDI flows is enhanced, both in terms of the strength of institutional improvement, and the breadth of institutions that require attention.
The commercial meal experience in context : an exploration with frequent travelers
(Elsevier, 2025-09) Stierand, Marc B.; Saunders, Mark N.K.; Eves, Anita
This qualitative-exploratory study is grounded in data obtained from in-depth interviews relating to commercial meal experiences that are essential when dining out near home, during work, and when traveling. Previous studies have examined meal experiences, but have not differentiated in-depth between the dining out contexts described here, particularly the requirements of a meal in the workplace. The interviewees (N = 18) were frequent travelers and therefore had substantial experience of dining out when traveling and in the intercept between traveling and business. Our theorizing from the data suggests that the essence of the commercial meal when dining out near home is an experience of ‘Exotic Familiarity; ’ during work, it is an experience of ‘Diversion from Work’ and ‘Ensuring Confidentiality; ’ and when traveling, it is an experience of ‘Safe Convenience’ and ‘Clichéd Authenticity.’ We conclude by contributing a model of the commercial meal experience, discussing the implications of the findings for theory and practice, and by offering suggestions for future research.
Customer education in business-to-business contexts
(Elsevier, 2025-07) Florea, Dorian-Laurențiu; Rangarajan, Deva; Nieto-Saucedo, María Elena Raquel; Shanka, Mesay Sata; Osakwe, Christian Nedu
Current trends in business-to-business (B2B) services are increasingly bringing customer education (CEd) to the spotlight. Despite the growing recognition of the benefits of CEd, understanding how it is deployed in B2B firms remains a gap in academic literature. Our study addresses this gap by following a qualitative, empirical approach to investigate how CEd is managed across 29 B2B firms. The findings from our research suggest that CEd is a complex set of activities involving multiple stakeholders from both the customers as well as the B2B firm. Our research identified CEd as a process comprising three stages: (a) prepare for CEd, (b) deploy CEd, and (c) measure CEd. Basing ourselves on the findings from our research, we propose a conceptual framework of CEd in B2B contexts. Our findings contribute to the literature by offering a process-based view of CEd, clarifying the intra-organizational coordination it requires, and demonstrating how CEd unfolds across the customer journey. This research advances theoretical understanding of CEd as a cross-functional capability in B2B settings. We provide managerial recommendations and suggest areas for future research. HIGHLIGHTS • Offers an activity-based view of B2B customer education (CEd) across three phases: Prepare, Deploy, Measure. • Shows how B2B firms organize CEd through resource allocation, role assignment, and cross-department coordination. • Shows that CEd spans the full customer journey, from awareness to renewal—not just post-purchase support. • Provides practical guidance to implement, scale, and assess CEd as a strategic, cross-functional capability.
Later-working-life social entrepreneurial identities : a dynamic self-categorisation framework
(Emerald, 2025) Djebali, Zeineb; Di Domenico, MariaLaura; Saunders, Mark N.K.
PURPOSE : This study examines self-defined interpretations of age by later-working-life (LWL) social entrepreneurs and how these influence constructions of their social entrepreneurial identities (SEIs). DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH : Adopting a social constructivist ontology and inductive, interpretive, theory elaboration qualitative methodology, a sample of 28 social entrepreneurs based in England were interviewed, data being analysed thematically using the Gioia method. FINDINGS : Using social identity theory and its linked self-categorisation lens, this study reveals three types of LWL social entrepreneurs. First, LWL Strategic Social Business Scalers embrace both social and business identities in support of their social mission. Second, LWL Social Value Creators identify with their social identity as making a difference to the local community, income generation being perceived as incompatible with their social mission. Finally, LWL Syncretic Social Entrepreneurs demonstrate shifting identities, evolving from purely social value creation to balancing hybridised social and commercial identities. ORIGINALITY/VALUE : This study reveals social entrepreneurs’ age has a positive role in forming LWL SEIs, associated experience, skills, knowledge and sense of urgency acting as a catalyst, facilitating rather than hindering social and economic participation. It contributes to the social entrepreneurship literature by advancing current theorisation of age’s role in constructing over-50s’ SEIs.
Informal entrepreneurship in the tourism sector : how entrepreneurs’ motives and capital contribute to business success
(Sage, 2025) Fourie, Alicia; Saayman, Andrea; Blaauw, Derick; FourieA@gibs.co.za
Informal entrepreneurship is woven into the economic fabric of South Africa’s tourism sector. Some people are ‘pushed’ into the sector by a lack of opportunities in the formal economy; others are ‘pulled’ into the informal sector by the prospect of better livelihoods, independence and personal fulfilment. Starting any business requires different types of capital (financial, social, human and psychological). While many studies have explored these aspects in relation to entrepreneurs/firms in the formal sector, how they impact the informal sector is less well understood. In this study, we examined the relationships between informal entrepreneurs’ motives, the different forms of capital available to them, and business success. Data were collected through structured questionnaires in three major South African cities. Multivariate statistics and quantile regression analysis revealed synergies between capital types and entrepreneurial motives, highlighting that success reflects not only the availability of capital but also the effective strategic utilisation of resources.
Exploring the digital detox journey among generation Y Instagram users
(Emerald, 2025-07) Scheppe, Matiena Marie; Seiffen, Anna Luise; Berndt, Adele
PURPOSE : Social media (SM) provides a range of positive and negative benefits to users, and an SM detox has been suggested as a way to deal with its negative effects. Instagram (IG) is one of Generation Y’s most widely used SM platforms, noted for its addictive potential. Using a journey perspective, the purpose of this research is to map and describe the experiences in the various stages of a detox journey among Generation Y IG users. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH : Using an inductive and qualitative approach, empirical data were collected over the stages of the journey using focus groups, self-completion diaries and interviews. The data were coded, analysed and interpreted using thematic analysis. FINDINGS : The findings of the study show two main motivations for undertaking a detox, namely gaining back control and self-reformation. During the detox, five themes were identified, specifically mood and satisfaction, technological craving, mental well-being, physical well-being and social relationships. Three post-detox behaviours were noted, namely the boomerang effect, conscious consumption and a re-evaluation towards the platform, which impacts future IG use. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS : By following one group of participants throughout an IG detox journey, the study highlights the detox experiences in each journey stage. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS : The positive benefits of a detox were experienced by the participants, encouraging future detox and actions by platforms to aid in future detoxes. ORIGINALITY/VALUE : This study accompanies one group of participants throughout their detox journey. This enabled the researchers to obtain insights into the detox experience in all phases of the journey. This was undertaken using diverse qualitative methods.
Sustained competitive advantage and complexity : a configurational approach
(Academic Conferences International Limited, 2023-09) Rodríguez, José Carlos; Osuigwe, Ubochioma Udo S.; Mathibe, Motshedisi Sina; Calderón, Elisa; osuigweu@gibs.co.za
In recent years, Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) has emerged as a research approach to get insight into social science and business complexity. In contrast to the inferential methods that measure the net effect of an independent variable into a dependent variable, the QCA approach uncovers the necessary and sufficient conditions leading to a desired outcome. This paper discusses complexity in social science and business from the QCA perspective. In this regard, there are three streams of literature in strategic management aiming to explain how some firms outperform others: Porter´s competitive advantage approach, Barney´s sustained competitive advantage perspective, and D´Aveni´s temporary advantage. However, the sustained competitive advantage approach suggests that generating economic rents must be understood as a complex phenomenon characterised by three features: i) path dependency (e.g., some resources and capabilities can only be developed over long periods, ii) social complexity (e.g., it may not always be clear how some firms develop some capabilities in short to medium term), and iii) causal ambiguity (e.g., some resources and capabilities cannot be bought and sold in markets). Therefore, this framework draws from a complex (or complexity) process that establishes logical connections between combinations of causal conditions (i.e., resources and capabilities) and a desired outcome (i.e., economic rents). The research methodology for business from the QCA perspective thus may raise some critical questions: How do some firms accumulate and deploy resources and capabilities more efficiently than their competitors to internally (not in markets) acquire and sustain a competitive advantage? And what is the nature of a firm´s economic rents? In short, this paper discusses the nature of sustained competitive advantage (i.e., desired outcome) as a complex process (and not as a linear process) in that some firms outperform others, managing and deploying different resources and capabilities (i.e., conditions).
Ubuntu leadership as a predictor of employee engagement : a South African study
(AOSIS, 2024-03-21) Chetty, Kerushan; Price, Gavin
ORIENTATION : Ubuntu leadership is increasingly being promoted as a suitable leadership philosophy for South African workplaces, necessitating further exploration of its application and outcomes. RESEARCH PURPOSE : This study thus investigates Ubuntu leadership as a predictor of employee engagement (EE) in the South African context, considering ethnicity, age and tenure as moderating variables. MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY : The necessity to study perceptions of Ubuntu leadership and its influence of EE lies in the need to understand how this culturally rooted leadership style can enhance organisational performance, employee well-being and inclusivity in diverse workplaces. RESEARCH APPROACH/DESIGN AND METHOD : The study adhered to a positivist philosophical perspective, employing a descriptive research design with a quantitative approach. Data were collected from 193 South African participants through a self-administered online questionnaire. MAIN FINDINGS : The study findings indicated that the practice of Ubuntu leadership, as perceived by employees, significantly predicted EE. PRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS : Organisational leaders and managers hold a crucial role in shaping the workplace environment, and their acknowledgment of Ubuntu leadership’s fundamental principles, such as fostering authentic relationships, empathy, collaboration and respect, has the potential to boost EE. CONTRIBUTION/VALUE-ADD : The research outcomes offer valuable insights into how Ubuntu leadership can enhance EE and provide proactive measures for its implementation.
Mattering matters : explaining what fits at Academy of Management Perspectives
(Academy of Management, 2025-05) Barnett, Michael L.; Barnard, Helena; Branzei, Oana; Bhatt, Babita
When an academic field has as its charge the thoughtful preparation and guidance of practitioner professionals, and when an academic field deals in a domain that vitally affects societal well-being, then that academic field must enter the world of practical affairs. Without being co-opted, it must strive for influence and impact. That is our challenge. We should matter. We must matter.
Doing research on real-world challenges
(Fundacao Getulio Vargas, 2025) Barnard, Helena; barnardh@gibs.co.za
ABSTRACT : There are often calls for scholars to do more practically relevant research, but there is little guidance on how to do that. Doing work dealing with real-world challenges is a tough task, often requiring an interdisciplinary approach. I offer six strategies to help scholars. It is important to care about the challenge as this is a resource in the research project. Scholars must read widely about the challenge, often outside the core discipline. They should plan a structured literature review as a scholarly deliverable alongside the empirical work. Because the intent is for the work to be practically usable, the empirical component has to be very robust. Recommendations should be linked to the core discipline, but the dissemination strategy should go beyond academia.
Work from home model : an exploration into the experiences of working mothers in the service sector : the case of Nigeria and South Africa
(Wiley, 2025-09) Echebiri, Chukwuemeka; Mathibe, Motshedisi Sina; Echebiri, Chiaka Martin; Osuigwe, Ubochioma Udo S.
This study examines the influence of societal norms and maternal duties on the Work-From-Home model and the experiences of mothers in the service sector in Sub-Saharan Africa. While working from home has received attention, there is a lack of understanding regarding the specific challenges working mothers face in this region, which is characterized by gender role expectations. Through qualitative interviews with 15 mothers, balancing work, home responsibilities, and childcare, this research sheds light on the increased tension between work and family when the home becomes the primary workplace, considering cultural norms and expectations. The findings reveal that remote working has disproportionately affected working mothers in Sub-Saharan Africa, negatively impacting their overall well-being.
Intellectual progression of green service research : a bibliometric examination and avenues for future research
(Taylor and Francis Group, 2024-07-04) Ogunmokun, Oluwatobi A.; Ikhide, Juliet E.; Osakwe, Christian Nedu; Jibril, Abdul Bashiru
This article reviews the extant literature on green services based on data obtained from the Web of Science core collection database. The objective of the review is the identification of emerging and predominant themes, authors, and organizations within this domain of research. A bibliometric approach is taken in the analyses of the co-authorship, co-citations, keyword co-occurrence, and bibliographic coupling to assess the evolution of this research domain, based on a total of 212 publications. The results and visual representations of networks indicate that in the last decade, the major themes in green service research are ‘sustainability’, ‘impact’ and ‘performance’. Further, most of the studies have been published in the hospitality, supply chain and marketing fields. These and many more valuable insights discovered in this review present scholars and practitioners, among other things, a clearer understanding of the state-of- the art in green service research which could facilitate future studies and practices toward emerging issues in the field, such as big data and healthcare.

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