Theses and Dissertations (Afrikaans)

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Dramateks teenoor verhoogteks met besondere verwysing na bekroning van Afrikaanse dramas
(University of Pretoria, 1989-12) Odendaal, L.B.; Roodt, P.H. (Pieter Hendrik); Bothma, Stephanus Johannes
Afrikaans: In die inleiding word die doelstelling met hierdie dissertasie gestel as synde tweerlei van aard, naamlik om die wesenlike verskille tussen die dramateks en die verhoogteks aan te dui en om ondersoek in te stel na die bekroning van Afrikaanse dramas. Verder volg dan verklarings van begrippe wat konstant in hierdie studie gebruik word. Die eerste hoofstuk handel oor die verskille en ooreenkomste tussen die dramateks en die verhoogteks, die voor- en nadele van elkeen en die veranderinge wat vanaf dramateks tot verhoogteks kan plaasvind. Hierdie hoofstuk bespreek ook benaderingswyses soos die Resepsie-Estetika en Semiotiek wat by die bestudering van hierdie gekompliseerde kommunikasiemedium gebruik kan word. Die noodsaaklikheid van die bekroning van Afrikaanse dramas en die bestaande toekennings en pryse word vervolgens bespreek. Daar word tot die slotsom gekom dat die drama minder bekroon word as die ander genres. In sommige gevalle is geen bekronings in die bestaan van TI prys of toekenning aan 'n drama gemaak nie, alhoewel die moontlikheid gestel is in die reglemente van die pryse of toekennings. Daar is ook bevind dat van die twaalf pryse/toekennings slegs drie daarop ingestel is om die verhoogteks te bekroon, terwyl die res die dramateks as primere uitgangspunt met slegs terloopse inagneming van die verhoogteks hanteer. Daar word in die volgende hoofstuk gepoog om die aanbiedinge van die Streeksrade sedert hul ontstaan tot 1986 te ontleed in terme van die aanbied van bekroonde en onbekroonde Afrikaanse dramatekste. Van die 15% oorspronklike Afrikaanse verhoogtekste wat opgevoer is, was 22,15% verhoogtekste van bekroonde Afrikaanse dramatekste. Van die totale aantal verhoogtekste deur die Streeksrade aangebied, was 3,5% bekroonde dramatekste, 52,3% van die bekroonde Afrikaanse dramatekste word nie deur die Streeksrade aangebied nie. 'n Bespreking van Toe hulle die Vierkleur op Rooigrond gehys het van Henriette Grove volg. Die keuse vir bespreking van hierdie dramateks word geregverdig deur die feit dat dit 'n dramateks in Afrikaans is wat talle toekennings ontvang het, maar ten spyte hiervan nog nie deur 'n Streeksraad as verhoogteks verwesenlik is nie. Daar word aangetoon dat die bekroning geskied op grond van die oorweging van die letterkundige waarde van die dramateks eerder as op die toneelmatige moontlikhede van die verhoogteks. In hoofstuk 5 volg TI bespreking van Die Koggelaar van Pieter Fourie vanuit 'n bree semiotiese hoek. Die keuse van hierdie drama word hoofsaaklik bepaal deur die feit dat die hoogste geldelike toekenning in Suid-Afrika aan hierdie drama gemaak is. Daar word in hierdie bespreking aangetoon dat die dramateks alleen 'n onvoldoende beeld van die dramaturg se produk of skepping gee. Styan se bewering dat "The muted print on the page is shorn of all specificity ... "(1963: 27), word uitgedra deur die feit dat soveel van die betekenisdraende aspekte van die drama slegs deur die verwesenliking in die vorm van TI verhoogteks aan die toeskouer gebied kan word. Dit staaf die standpunt dat die bekroning van Afrikaanse dramas eerder op die volledigfunksionerende aanbod van die verhoogteks as op die dramateks behoort te berus. Die Koggelaar is deur dramakundiges met die opvoeringsmoontlikhede - met ander woorde as moontlike verhoogteks bekroon en nie as taalkunswerk nie. Hoofstuk ses handel oor Kampustoneel. Die ontstaan, doelstelling en bydrae daarvan word bespreek. Die gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat hierdie instelling wel die daarstel van oorspronklike Afrikaanse dramatekste bevorder waaruit doelmatige verhoogtekste voortvloei. Aku vang 'n ster deur Nico Luwes word as so 'n Kampustoneelfees verhoogteks bespreek en daar word tot die slotsom gekom dat 'n oorspronklike dramateks wat beide toneelmatig en literer bevredig, geskep is.
"Brandaan" van D.J. Opperman as verwerking van 'n Middelnederlandse teks
(University of Pretoria, 1979) Grove, A.P.; Hugo, Daniel Johannes
English: This thesis includes an introduction to De Reis van Sente Brandane, a Middle Dutch poem upon which Opperman based his cycle of sonnets, "Brandaan". Special attention has been given to Dutch Medieval religious literature as well as the origin, development and characteristics of De Reis. Then each of Opperman's eight sonnets is discussed with special reference to their matrix - the Middle Dutch text - and the way in which this original text was in each case adapted to the reality of present-day South Africa. Attention is also given to formal aspects (rhyme, enjambement, use of words, metaphor, etcetera). Tangents with other poems in the Opperman oeuvre and his essay "Kuns is boos!" are investigated. Pronouncements of critics, wherever they are relevant, are discussed. Finally the sonnets as a cycle are investigated with a view to their independence and/or interdependence. It becomes obvious that Opperman made more use of the mother text than critics have pointed out to date. (Compare in this regard especially "Vuurlopers" and "Man met horries").
Die rol van ruimte in Karin Brynard se "Plaasmoord"
(University of Pretoria, 2023-12-15) Burger, Willie; Van Niekerk, Jacomien; gerhard@boston.co.za; Ehlers, Hendrik Gerhardus Abraham
In this study, I investigate how space as a single narratological element is used in Karin Brynard’s Plaasmoord (2009) (Weeping Waters) in terms of character development, the building of suspense, and how space influences the plot. I also analyse the coherence between space and themes, which include racial tension, land expropriation and farm murders. Brynard’s detective novel is analysed primarily using André P. Brink’s outline of concrete spaces vs. abstract spaces. This study comprises four chapters. The first chapter focuses on the background of South African crime fiction in general and Plaasmoord specifically, as well as the rationale that there is growing academic interest in the genre. Furthermore, the problem statement and research questions related to space are set out, as well as the study’s limitations and the format of the mini dissertation. The second chapter is divided into three subdivisions, of which the first contains the terminology and history of the crime fiction genre. The second subsection focuses on the theoretical framework, divided into narratological space, which relates to characterisation, suspense, the plot, and the use of space as a narratological element in crime fiction as a genre. The literature review is divided into seven subsections, which include existing studies about South African detective fiction and the use of space in international and South African detective fiction. The literature review concludes with an overview of the farm as space in Afrikaans detective fiction. Chapter three consists of the analysis of Karin Brynard’s Plaasmoord. This chapter attempts to gain insight into the research questions, including how space is used in the detective novel to promote characterisation, suspense, the plot, and themes. In the fourth and final chapter, I relay my discovery regarding this analysis, which relates to space as a single narratological element.
Varsgebek : ’n Gebruiksgebaseerde studie van nuwe Afrikaanse vaste uitdrukkings
(University of Pretoria, 2024) Pilon, Suléne; u18026436@tuks.co.za; Oerlemans, Anriné
Daar word dikwels beweer dat Afrikaanse mense nie meer van idiome (en ander vaste uitdrukkings) in hul skryf- en spreektaal gebruik maak nie. Hierdie studie poog om hierdie bewering te ondersoek deur vas te stel wat die gebruiksfrekwensie van ŉ aantal nuwe Afrikaanse vaste uitdrukkings is. Die nuwe vaste uitdrukkings wat ondersoek is, is afkomstig uit inskrywings wat in 2016 en 2017 voorgelê is vir die Virtuele instituut vir Afrikaans (VivA) se Varsgebek-kompetisie. Daar is ook ondersoek ingestel na die semantiese velde waarin hierdie nuwe vaste uitdrukkings aangetref word in ŉ poging om vas te stel of Afrikaanssprekers in 2024 ander semantiese velde gebruik wanneer uitdrukkings geskep word as wat in die verlede, circa 2000, die geval was. Alvorens daar op die nuwe uitdrukkings gefokus kon word, is daar eers ŉ terminologietaksonomie opgestel om (a) die vaste uitdrukkings in die Varsgebek-data te identifiseer, en (b) die geïdentifiseerde uitdrukkings verder in subkategorieë te kon klassifiseer. Die studie bevind eerstens dat daar baie terminologiese verwarring in die literatuur oor vaste uitdrukkings bestaan en daar word stelle kriteria gepostuleer waarmee daar tussen verskillende tipes vaste uitdrukkings onderskei kan word. Daarna word die Varsgebek-data geanaliseer en daar word bevind dat 33 uitdrukkings meer as een keer (en dus met ŉ relatief hoë frekwensie) in twee Afrikaanse korpora, naamlik VivA se Korpuspotaal: Omvattend en Korpusportaal: Eksklusief voorkom. Die semantiese velde waarin hierdie 33 uitdrukkings aangetref word, word geïdentifiseer en daar word bevind dat hierdie nuwe uitdrukkings behoort tot semantiese velde wat al in die verlede geïdentifiseer is as die semantiese velde waaruit gevestigde Afrikaanse uitdrukkings kom. Dit blyk dus dat daar, ten minste wat die Varsgebek-data betref, van dieselfde semantiese velde as in die verlede gebruik gemaak word wanneer nuwe Afrikaanse uitdrukkings geskep word.
Struktuuranalise van 'die jaar van die vuuros' van W.A. de Klerk
(University of Pretoria, 1957) Lötter, Johannes Casparus
In ruimtes vasgekeer: 'n Kognitiewe benadering tot metafore in dekoloniale diskoers
(University of Pretoria, 2023-09-30) Bosman, Hendrina; ruancoet@yahoo.com; Coetzer, Ruan
Afrikaans: Die kognitiewe linguistiek voer aan dat meeste abstrakte konsepte slegs in terme van metafore bedink en verstaan kan word. Dekolonialiteit as abstrakte konsep is steeds ’n vurige besprekingspunt in die konteks van hoër onderwys in Suid-Afrika. Hierdie verhandeling beoog om die verband tussen metaforiese uitdrukkings en die konseptualisering van kolonialisme, kolonialiteit en dekolonisering te ondersoek deur die Konseptuele Metafoorteorie (KMT) te benut. Die verhandeling is spesifiek toegespits op die akademiese diskoers oor dekolonisering in Suid-Afrika, waar 87 artikels uit verskeie databasisse as die korpus vir die studie dien. Daar word gefokus op die identifisering van metafore in hierdie diskoers, die rol van metafore in die konseptualisering van die genoemde konsepte, asook die invloed van hierdie metafore op ons persepsie en benadering tot die diskoers. Daar word veral staatgemaak op die metafoorteorie van George Lakoff (1993), Mark Johnson (1987), Lakoff en Johnson (1980, 1999), Zoltan Kövecses (1997, 2010) en Joseph Grady. Verder word beginsels uit die kritiese diskoersanalise betrek, na aanleiding van Michel Foucault (2002), Jonathan Charteris-Black (2004) en Alice Deignan (2005). Die studie beoog om insigte te verkry in die rol van metafore in die akademiese diskoers oor dekolonisering en om die verband tussen taal, samelewing en denke verder te verken. Daar word aangevoer dat LEWENDE ENTITEIT, FISIESE VOORWERP, KONFLIK, FISIESE KRAG, FISIESE STRUKTUUR, en RUIMTELIKE VERHOUDINGS die sentrale domeine vir metafoorkartering uit die korpus vergestalt. Kolonialisme word metafories hoofsaaklik as ’n lewende entiteit uitgedruk; kolonialiteit as ’n komplekse struktuur en dekolonisering as die beweging tussen ruimtes.
Public discourse about South African farm violence on Facebook
(University of Pretoria, 2023) Maritz, Ansie; u17067716@tuks.co.za; van der Horst, Daniella Amy
Farm attacks have become highly politicised in South Africa. According to certain groups, the attacks are racially motivated, constituting hate crimes, whereas others sense they represent a larger crime predicament in the country and do not deserve special treatment. Research on farm violence in South Africa approached it from a criminological, sociological, and psychological angle. In these studies, farm violence is explored as a crime category and as part of the larger concern of settler colonial rhetoric. The psychological effects are explored in psychology. Dissertation-level publications directing this topic as critical discourse analysis are in media studies and not linguistics. These studies allude to linguistic elements, complimentary to the overarching theme of how information is shared about farm violence online. One of these studies addressed some of the specific lexical items used to address farm attacks on Facebook; however, these items were explored within a framework of encoding and decoding, and the intention of their exploration was to observe how audiences read and interpret media content. Neither of these studies specifically addressed the emotive language of farm violence. The research conducted in this study therefore adopted a different approach to farm violence discourse by employing evaluative theory. This study is substantiated in systemic functional linguistics and explores South African farm violence discourse on a semantic level by focusing on evaluative language. It investigated the evaluative language across three Facebook pages with polarised stances on farm violence. The two major stances identified are 1) farm violence is a part of the larger crime problem in South Africa and is not racially motivated, and 2) farm violence is racially motivated, indicating a White genocide in the country. Two instances of farm violence were explored, indicating the Senekal and the Mkhondo incident. In the Senekal incident, the victim of the farm violence was White. In the Mkhondo matter, the victims were Black. The study adopted an adapted evaluative framework to explore the evaluation parameters within these texts. Evaluative theory was chosen as a research method, allowing for the tackling of the finer, especially emotive, nuances of meaning in language, which is crucial when exploring online language. As expected, across the posts, the GOOD-BAD parameter was utilised the most at 54.63% in total, followed by the IMPORTANCE parameter at 20.37%, the CERTAINTY parameter at 17.13%, and the EXPECTEDNESS parameter at 7.87%. As expected, across the comment sections, the GOOD-BAD parameter was also utilised the most at 41.19% in total, followed by the CERTAINTY parameter at 24.75%, the IMPORTANCE parameter at 17.31%, and the EXPECTEDNESS parameter at 16.74%.Two main themes were explored, indicating ethnicity and role players. The subthemes involve hate, fear, and a call to defend the ‘greater good’. As evidenced by the hostile comments towards individuals with differing stances, the discourse about South African farm violence on Facebook is emotional, racial, and polarised and calls for violence towards the other side. Within these stances, larger South African issues, such as land reform and identity, are discussed. The Facebook page adopting the stance that farm violence is a sign of a larger crime problem in the country, implicated the farmers and the legacy of apartheid as the cause of farm violence. The Facebook page adopting the stance that farm violence is racially motivated implicates the government and the Economic Freedom Fighters as the cause of farm violence.
Perceptions toward effective teaching strategies in Afrikaans first additional language classrooms
(University of Pretoria, 2023) Nel, Joanine Hester; melrust028@gmail.com; Rust, Melissa
The aim of this study is to establish the different perceptions that both teachers and learners of Afrikaans First Additional Language (FAL) hold towards the different teaching strategies and their effectiveness in the language learning process of Afrikaans FAL in a high school setting. The sample group of this study come from various linguistic and cultural backgrounds, yet are learning Afrikaans in the same context, where the expectation is that they will possess near-native fluency by the time they matriculate from the South African school system. In this study, a secondary aim was to evaluate teaching strategies based on to the perceptions of both the teachers and learners at one high school, looking in particular at the phenomenon of codeswitching (CS) as an alternative or complementary approach to the monolingual approach that has dominated the education sphere. The study was conducted at a single-sex English-medium high school in Pretoria among the Grade 8 to 11 learners and all the teachers of Afrikaans FAL at this high school. Pretoria, in the Tshwane municipal district, is a large city in South Africa, where Afrikaans is one of the eleven official languages of South Africa and the second most spoken language in Pretoria (after Sepedi). A mixed methodology approach was employed, using Likert-type-type scale questionnaires to collect descriptive data for the quantitative part of the research and open-ended questions, as well as focus group interviews, for the qualitative part of the research. The framework used to frame this study was that of Social Constructivism, as conceived by Vygotsky (1978). The conclusion reached at the end of the end of the study, after all the findings were studied and analysed, was that both teacher and learner groups prefer the bilingual approach, where the target language (TL) is used as far as possible, but where there is allowance for CS by the teacher, especially when explaining something, and by the learners, if they do not yet possess the necessary vocabulary to ask or answer something in the Target Language. The helpfulness of Codeswitching in terms of the learning of a First Additional Language was also clearly illustrated by the findings in this study.
Prototipiese Afrikaanse taboewoorde
(University of Pretoria, 2022) Pilon, Suléne; Van Huyssteen, Gerhardus Beukes; martmarivdm97@gmail.com; Van der Merwe, Mart-Mari
In enige taalgemeenskap ontstaan daar sekere konvensies wat lede van die taalgemeenskap se taalgebruik tot ŉ meerdere of mindere mate reguleer. ŉ Aspek van taalgebruik wat by uitstek aan hierdie regulering onderwerp word, is taaltaboes, en spesifiek taboewoorde. Een van die liggame wat ŉ praktiese rol ten opsigte van hierdie regulasie in die (Suid-)Afrikaanse konteks speel, is die Film- en Publikasieraad (FPR), wat verantwoordelik is vir die klassifikasie van onder andere sterk taalgebruik in films en ander publikasies. Daar is egter tot op hede geen empiries begronde navorsing waarop hierdie klassifikasie berus nie, en dus word dié navorsingsveld in hierdie studie verken. ŉ Eerste stap in die rigting van empiries begronde klassifikasieriglyne is uiteraard die identifisering van die leksikale items wat geklassifiseer moet word, en vervolgens is die fokus in die studie ingestel op prototipiese Afrikaanse taboewoorde, oftewel daardie taboewoorde wat die meeste gebruik word en die maklikste opgeroep word in die Afrikaanssprekende gemeenskap. In die vakliteratuur is daar egter geen metodologiese riglyne vir die identifisering van sodanige leksikale items gevind nie, en dus was die eerste doelstelling van hierdie studie om die konsepte taboewoord en prototipies te omskryf met die oog op die metodologiese operasionalisering daarvan. Na afloop van die literatuurondersoek ter uitvoering van voorgenoemde doelstelling, is ŉ spesifieke navorsingsvraag gevra: Watter Afrikaanse taboewoorde kan empiries geïdentifiseer word as die 50 prototipiesste Afrikaanse taboewoorde? Vier subvrae is voorts geformuleer om te toets vir enkele eienskappe van prototipes soos veronderstel word in die prototipeteorie (Rosch 1975a): i. Watter 50 Afrikaanse taboewoorde word sonder kontekstualisering eerste en die frekwentste deur Afrikaanssprekende respondente skriftelik geproduseer? ii. Watter 50 Afrikaanse taboewoorde word met kontekstualisering die frekwentste deur Afrikaanssprekende respondente skriftelik geproduseer? iii. Watter 50 Afrikaanse taboewoorde kom die frekwentste in korpora voor? iv. Watter 50 Afrikaanse taboewoorde word in ŉ goedheid-van-voorbeeld-vraelys deur Afrikaanssprekende respondente beoordeel as die beste voorbeelde van taboewoorde? Om die eerste subvraag te beantwoord, is ŉ eerste ondersoek uitgevoer met behulp van ŉ aanlyn vraelys. Die resultate van die vraelys is verwerk en uiteindelik is ŉ ranglys van 50 taboewoorde op grond van hierdie resultate opgestel. Die tweede subvraag handel oor die 50 taboewoorde wat die meeste gebruik is as respons op hipotetiese situasies. In die tweede ondersoek is respondente gevra om ŉ vloekreaksie op 14 emosionele scenario’s te gee. Hierdie data is verwerk en vervolgens is ŉ tweede ranglys van 50 taboewoorde opgestel. ŉ Korpusondersoek is uitgevoer om die derde subvraag te beantwoord. Ná afloop van die korpusondersoek is daar weereens ŉ ranglys opgestel wat ŉ refleksie is van die 50 prototipiesste Afrikaanse taboewoorde op grond van voorkomsfrekwensie in korpora. Die vierde subvraag is beantwoord met behulp van ŉ goedheid-van-voorbeeld-vraelys wat aanlyn gepubliseer word. Na aanleiding van die resultate is ŉ vierde ranglys van 50 Afrikaanse taboewoorde opgestel. Hierdie ranglys toon aan watter Afrikaanse taboewoorde die respondente as die beste voorbeelde van Afrikaanse taboewoorde beskou. Uiteindelik is tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die verskillende ondersoeke se resultate nie verenig kan word nie. Die eerste ondersoek se metode is uitgesonder as die betroubaarste metode wat in hierdie studie gebruik is om prototipiese taboewoorde mee te identifiseer. Derhalwe dien die eerste ondersoek se top 50 as die antwoord op die hoofnavorsingsvraag. Die 50 prototipiesste Afrikaanse taboewoorde is: fok, poes, bliksem, doos, kak, donder, kont, moer, naai, fokken, fokker, hoer, etter, poephol, piel, drol, slet, fokkit, fokkof, jissus, moerskont, naaier, teef, blerrie, shit, stront, ma se poes, befok, tos, k1-woord, hol, fokkol, god, jirre, fok tog, gat, pis, wetter, fuck, tril, dêmmit, fokkop, skyt, asshole, moerse, ballas, bitch, werfetter, bekak en spyker. Sleutelterme: Afrikaans, prototipe, prototipeteorie, prototipiese Afrikaanse taboewoorde, taboewoorde, vloeknavorsing.
Die linguistiese landskap van die Afrikaanse vrou soos te sien in rooi rose van 1948 - 2020
(University of Pretoria, 2023) Bosman, Nerina; hermipelser@gmail.com; Pelser, Magdalena Hermiena
The study examines the linguistic landscape of Afrikaans women as observed in the women’s magazine rooi rose from 1948 − 2020. Corpus linguistics was used as the methodology for the study, using the rooi rose corpus. The rationale for undertaking the research is because there is still very little data on language sexism in Afrikaans. An attempt was made to fill this gap. This is a sociolinguistic study, specifically focusing on the subsection of language and gender. This includes language sexism − especially language sexism that is portrayed in the media − like magazines. The main goal is to identify language sexism in Afrikaans, in the womens’ magazine, rooi rose. The main research question of the study is to examine the linguistic landscape of Afrikaans women as observed in the women’s magazine rooi rose from 1948 – 2020. To get an answer to this question both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used. The quantitative research mainly involves the frequencies of the search words and indicates how these frequencies have changed over time. The qualitative research seeks to analyze the search words as they are used, by looking at concordance lines. The collocations of the keywords are also analyzed qualitatively. The following aspects concerning language and gender in rooi rose were investigated: Aspects that were researched include forms of address, the generical he and male and female nouns for personal names and profession. The study concludes that there is a noticeable change in the use of some of the aspects examined. Afrikaans follows the world trend by moving away from some masculine and feminine nouns by replacing them with one neutral lexical item. On the other hand, there are still signs of language sexism in rooi rose. This can be seen in the generic he and the fact that forms of address and titles still differ between men and women.
Afrikaans-speaking South Africans on screen : a comparative visual textual analysis of Afrikaans identity in selected Afrikaans television dramas
(University of Pretoria, 2014) Milton, Viola; Willemse, Hein (Heinrich Stephen Samuel); miltonvc@unisa.ac.za; Bester, Carli
Afrikaans television has experienced numerous transitions since the introduction of television in South Africa in 1976. An interesting trend in Afrikaans television since 2007 involves the rebroadcast of programmes, by the SABC and kykNET, which were originally produced 10 or even 20 years ago. These broadcasters do not only rebroadcast their own Afrikaans material, they also rebroadcast each other’s material. Consequently, for the last several years, Afrikaans television programmes have been diverse in terms of source (SABC or kykNET) and original context (time of production and first broadcast). Against this background certain questions arose regarding the comparability of these different Afrikaans programmes and how each programme constructs Afrikaans identity in a certain way that is relative to its original context of production. This comparative study explored the construction of Afrikaans identity in three Afrikaans television dramas each originating from a different context of production. The sample consisted of Ballade vir ’n Enkeling (BE) (SABC: 1987; rebroadcast on SABC 2: 2007), Wenners (SABC: 1992/1993; rebroadcast on kykNET: 2009) and Song vir Katryn (Song) (kykNET: 2003; rebroadcast on SABC 2: 2008). This study is situated within the context of cultural studies and a qualitative visual textual analysis was conducted, using narrative and semiotic analysis methods to unpack the meanings communicated by the selected visual texts. Relevant themes, including language, gender, class and values, were identified and examined. It was found that language-wise, these programmes reveal a major shift from the 1980s and early 1990s (on the SABC) to the 2000s (on kykNET) regarding the use of the Afrikaans language. BE and Wenners show standardised Afrikaans as the norm, while in Song nonstandardised Afrikaans takes the dominant position. In terms of gender the texts from the 1980s and 1990s endorse traditional gender roles and heterosexual relationships as part of Afrikaans identity. The text from the 2000s, conversely, depicts both traditional and modern conceptualisations of gender and acknowledges both heterosexual and homosexual relationships. Class did not surface as a significant theme in BE or Wenners, but in Song this theme highlights the class awareness of a conservative Afrikaans community. Song constructs an Afrikaans identity that challenges Afrikaner conservatism. Each programme’s values themes highlighted a particular focus. BE explores the complex relationship between the individual and the group within the 1980s. Wenners emphasises a conservative approach to Afrikaans identity that favours order, authoritative structure and good behaviour. In contrast, Song tackles the controversial issues of substance and sexual abuse, and presents an Afrikaans identity that is willing to deal with these taboo topics in an openminded way. Finally, it was found that although all three texts are critical of the traditional nuclear family construct, they still maintain that even when contested, family remains a key part of Afrikaans identity. In comparing these texts, similarities and differences were identified, but the findings show a noticeable transmutation, from the 1980s to the 1990s and finally the 2000s, in the conceptualisation and representation of Afrikaans identity.
Questioning in Writing Centre Consultations
(University of Pretoria, 2021) Carstens, Adelia; Bosman, Nerina; Rambiritch, Avasha; sjane.prinsloo@up.ac.za; Prinsloo, Sjané
Writing centre consultations are described as one-on-one, tutor-guided interactions driven by institutional and disciplinary objectives and individual students' needs. An important component in these writing centre interactions is tutors’ use of questions as part of tutoring strategies. Tutors use questions to direct students towards a better understanding or towards an appropriate answer and to encourage students to ask questions in order to motivate learning and sustain their participation in the consultation. Previous research predominantly focused on what questions disclose about the role of tutors and how they are used to control dialogue throughout the consultation. A lack of research exists regarding the specific types and functions of questioning strategies used in writing consultations. This study examines the functions of the different questioning strategies used by tutors in writing consultations and how these strategies promote students’ engagement and learning. The naturally occurring conversations of participants in writing centre consultations were recorded and transcribed. Two cycles of coding organised the data according to predetermined coding schemes, based on theories in pragmatics (specifically that of micro- and macropragmatics), for a grammatical (textual) analysis and pragmatic analyses in order to examine interrelationships between the different coding types and functions and the tutors’ illocutionary intents. The grammatical analysis examined the declarative and interrogative grammatical structures of tutor questions. Interrogative questions were coded as either yes/no or wh-questions. Consultants primarily used yes/no questions to elicit yes/no responses from students when discussing specific ideas in students’ writing and used wh-questions to elicit specific information concerning an aspect or concept of a student’s writing. The pragmatic analyses included micro- and macropragmatic analyses to establish consultants’ illocutionary intents when asking questions. The questions were identified as Directive, Presumptive, Politeness, Information-gap, Leading and Scaffolding questions. The macropragmatic analysis examined the conversational, physical and psychological acts (emotions, e.g., laughter) guiding tutor questions to determine the extra-linguistic context guiding tutor questions.
Woordlandskappe in gesprek met beeldlandskappe – ’n praktykgebaseerde ondersoek na die kreatiewe verbande tussen digkuns en visuele kuns
(University of Pretoria, 2014) Pieterse, A.J.H.; maria.seeperjie@gmail.com; van Loggerenberg, Marianne
In this study, creative relationships between poetry (lexical text) and visual art (‘text’-in-images) are examined and discussed in a theoretical, philosophical and conceptual way. This theoretical investigation serves to substantiate the practical portrayal of the possible levels of interpretation of the creative relationships that may emerge between poetry and visual art (when a visual artwork and an image-poem (beeldgedig) enter into a converstation with each other on an intertextual level). The research focuses on the potential for a heightened experienced that may be created (or offered) by several levels of interpretation possibly emerging between a lexical text (five image-poems written by the researcher) and a ‘text’-in-images (five visual artworks by Joan Miró), as these distinct fields of creativity enter into a conversation on a metaphorical level. As creative outcomes (such as image-poems and visual artworks) may convey multiple meanings and may also evoke complex concepts and/or contradictions during analysis, the researcher/poet is compelled to examine the conversation between the two fields as well as the process of analysis closely, and to document this in a practical way. To support the practical documentation, the concept of a composite ‘map’ (hegkaart) is used, serving as a practical aid to frame the creative relationships between poetry and visual art (in this study). In essence, this study is an investigation into the shared root system between poetry and visual art, and also into the possible interpretations that may emerge on an intertextual level between the two fields entering into a conversation with each other. The study is delimited to the interpretation possibilities of the creative relationships that can be highlighted and practically applied to the intertextual conversation that may emerge between the five selected visual artworks of Joan Miró and the five image-poems in response to these artworks. This study poses the question and also offers (in a practice-based way) creative examples of five possible levels of interpretation which may emerge when a visual artwork is examined in the light of an image-poem, ánd when an image-poem is examined in the light of a visual artwork. (The five possible levels of interpretation are based on Alain De Botton and John Armstrong’s version of a revised blueprint for an art gallery according to a therapeutic vision). Some metamorphoses that a visual artwork and an image-poem may possibly undergo (as symbolic illustration of a recipient’s involvement in an artwork or image-poem) are also addressed in the study – specifically to explore the root system that is shared between poetry and visual art at more than one level of interpretation. The researcher/poet uses various concepts and keywords with regard to the creative relationships that may emerge between these five visual artworks and five image-poems, namely: creative writing; Joan Miró; composite ‘map’ (hegkaart); word/lexical landscape (woordlandskap); (visual) image landscape (beeldlandskap); word cloud (woordwolk); colour calligram (kleurkalligram); methaphorical tale (beeldspraakverhaal); colour shift (kleurverskuiwing); poetic shift (versverskuiwing); and book landscape (boeklandskap).
Polemiek en kanon: kanonisering van die vroulike outeur in die Afrikaanse prosa van die dertiger- tot die negentigerjare
(University of Pretoria, 1997) Ohlhoff, Heinrich (Carl Heinrich Friedrich); Lourens, Amanda
Afrikaans: Die aard, oorsprong, relevansie en hersiening van literere kanons in 'n snel veranderende wereld is tans, nie net in Suid-Afrika nie, maar internasionaal 'n uiters aktuele saak. Oproepe om kanonhersiening word tans nie net uit die geledere van tradisionele minderheidsgroepe (socs vroue en swartmense) gehoor nie, maar ook vanuit establishment-geledere. In hierdie studie word die kanonisering van die Afrikaanse vroulike prosa-outeur tussen die dertiger- en negentigerjare vanuit 'n feministiese perspektief ondersoek. Orie voorbeelde van vroulike outeurs as verteenwoordigers van verskillende literatuur'soorte" word ondersoek, naamlik Hettie Smit ("ernstige" literatuur), die Klerewerkers (werkersliteratuur) en Eleanor Baker (goeie gewilde literatuur). Daar word gepostuleer dat die vroulike prosa-outeur binne die Afrikaanse literere sisteem steeds 'n mindere kanon- en kanoniseringstatus het, hoofsaaklik as gevolg van patriargale vooroordele. Voorts word gevra na maniere waarop s6 'n toedrag van sake gewysig kan word. Die bevindings kan heel moontlik op Afrikaanse vroulike prosa-outeurs in die algemeen betrekking he. Die volgende stellings word bevestig: i. Vroulike prosa-outeurs geniet steeds mindere kanon- en kanoniseringstatus in die Afrikaanse literatuursisteem. Argumente wat die teendeel wil bewys, streef nie daarna om enige dieperliggende problematiek te ontbloot nie. Die oppervlakkige aard van sulke argumente word alleen duidelik wanneer bepaalde kontradiksies en polemieke random die herskrywing van 'n bepaalde auteur aan die lig gebring word. Die herskrywing van Hettie Smit as "vroulike aanvulling" by die manlike Dertigerdigters lei daartoe dat Sy kom met die sekelmaan selfstandige kanonstatus ontbeer, terwyl die "gehalte" -argument in die geval van die Klerewerkers politieke en ideologiese faktore verberg. Die tipering van Baker se produkte as (goeie) "middelmoot" of "populere" tekste, verberg die marginalisering daarvan. ii. Die bestaan van vroulike outeurs wat nie in die kanon opgeneem is nie, en dus geen kanonstatus het nie, kan aangedui word. Die Klerewerkersliteratuur is 'n sprekende voorbeeld van hierdie soort afwesigheid. iii. Die status quo met betrekking tot die vroulike auteur se posisie ten opsigte van Afrikaanse kanons is onaanvaarbaar vanuit 'n feministiese perspektief. Die historiese posisie van die vrou binne die Afrikaanse literatuur is veral onaanvaarbaar - sy is feitlik afwesig uit die vroee geskiedskrywing van ons literatuur. Die eietydse situasie met betrekking tot kanonisering is binne die feministiese raamwerk van pogings tot verandering, ook nog lank nie aanvaarbaar nie. Aandag behoort geskenk te word aan die daarstelling van 'n vroulike tradisie binne die kader van die Afrikaanse literatuur, waarbinne outentieke "vroulike" norme vir literatuur, eerder as die tradisioneel "manlike" norme sal geld. S6 'n vroulike tradisie behoort volgens die riglyne van oorsese feministiese ondersoekers ge'implementeer te word; ook sal dit 'n heeltemal ander karakter he as die paternalistiese nie-outentieke "vroulike" kategorie. 'n Afsonderlike tradisie sal eerder bevrydend as onderdrukkend wees, en kan modelle daarstel vir verdere teksproduksies deur vroue. iv. Die sogenaamde multifunksionele benadering kan op teoretiese vlak die kanonisering van verskillende literatuur''soorte" beskryf en verklaar, en kan op praktiese vlak dien as riglyn vir kanoniseringsprosesse. Die regstelling van patriargale herskrywings moet as prioriteit beskou word. Slegs op hierdie manier kan ('n) algemeen aanvaarbare en verteenwoordigende, asook teoreties-gefundeerde kanon/s van Afrikaanse literatuur werklikheid word.
An analysis of the coverage of Helen Zille and Patricia De Lille prior to, during and after South Africa's national elections by South African English newspapers
(University of Pretoria, 2021-02-15) Ohlhoff, Heinrich (Carl Heinrich Friedrich); Tshegokabo@gmail.com; Modubu, Tshegofatso
Feminist media studies theory and intersectionality were used to determine if South African national English daily, weekly and weekend newspapers perpetuated stereotypes when reporting about Helen Zille and Patricia De Lille, both of whom were female political candidates during the 2009 national election. The study explores the nexus between media, gender, race and class representation and political election campaign reporting. In particular, it seeks to find out if the different gender, race and class of two female candidates influenced national newspaper reporters; in either reporting negatively or positively about them as candidates during the elections. Content analysis and critical discourse analysis were used as method to analyse the data collected from newspaper articles. The content analysis findings showed that Zille compared to De Lille received significant coverage and most headlines were referring to her. The findings of the critical discourse analysis indicate that language was sometimes used to perpetuate stereotypes through the use of tone, choice of language in headings, metaphors; puns, oxymorons as well as insinuations. The hypotheses was that the race of the candidates would feature prominently in the findings however there was very little about the race of the candidates. The analysis revealed that there was a focus on the race and class of the audiences and voters addressed by Zille and De Lille during their campaign period. Keywords: Feminist media theory, race, media, gender, elections, Helen Zille and Patricia De Lille.
Translanguaging as a pedagogical strategy to improve the reading comprehension of Grade 4 learners in a Limpopo primary school
(University of Pretoria, 2020) Boakye, Naomi; makgabo27@gmail.com; Ledwaba, Makgabo Rebecca
The low reading proficiency of Grade 4 learners is a major concern. The use of English (an additional language for the majority of learners in South Africa) as the language of learning and teaching (LoLT) may have contributed to the poor comprehension skills of these learners. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the use of translanguaging as a pedagogical strategy to improve the reading comprehension of Grade 4 learners in a primary school in Limpopo Province. A mixed methods design was used for the study, which was conducted in five phases. In phase 1, 70 learners in a control group and an intervention group wrote a pre-test to determine their reading proficiency level, as well as to establish the homogeneity of the two groups (research question 1). In phase 2, an intervention based on a translanguaging reading instruction programme was conducted with the intervention group. In phase 3, the learners from both groups wrote a post-test at the end of the intervention, and the intervention group completed a questionnaire on the integrated use of Sepedi and English. In addition, six Grade 4 teachers from the school completed open- and closed-ended questionnaires. In phase 4, t-test analysis of learners’ pre- and post-test results was used to determine the differences within and between the two groups. Quantitative analysis of the learners’ questionnaire responses and the teachers’ closed-ended questionnaire responses, together with qualitative analysis of the teachers’ openended questionnaire responses, were used to answer research questions 3 and 4. In phase 5, the results of the qualitative and quantitative analyses were integrated and evaluated to determine the effectiveness of the intervention. While the pre-test results showed that the learners’ reading proficiency level was below 50% for both groups, the results of the post-tests (independent and paired t-tests with effect sizes) showed that the intervention group had improved significantly more than the control group. The findings revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups. The questionnaire responses also showed benefits of the translanguaging approach, as indicated by the learners and the teachers. Based on the findings, recommendations were made for the adoption of a translanguaging teaching approach in schools. The dissertation concluded by showing the significance of the study, which lies in its finding that translanguaging can be used successfully as a pedagogical strategy to improve the reading comprehension of Grade 4 learners using Sepedi and English texts. Keywords: translanguaging, reading comprehension, reading proficiency level, Grade 4 learners’ pedagogy
Die nieuwe republiek
(University of Pretoria, 1944) Kruger, Johannes Lodewikus Kruger
No abstract
Vergelyking en evaluering van onderskrifte oor verskillende genres
(University of Pretoria, 2019) Kruger-Roux, Helena; u15168672@tuks.co.za; Van Wyngaardt, Lizanie
Hierdie studie handel oor die Engelse onderskrifte in Afrikaanse televisieprogramme oor verskillende genres. Dit ondersoek die verskynsels asook die gehalte in en van die intertalige onderskrifte. Dit is _ vergelykende teksstudie met die doel om aanbevelings vir verbeterde onderskrifte te gee. Daar word _ deeglike literatuurstudie gedoen om agtergrond vir die navorsing te skep. Die data word ingesamel en gekategoriseer om geanaliseer te word sodat ingeligte gevolgtrekkings gemaak kan word. Daar is bevind dat die Afrikaanse televisieprogramme wat ondersoek is, substandaard Engelse onderskrifte het en dat die meeste foute is as gevolg van die minagting van die onderskrifskeppingsreëls. Die verhandeling sluit af deur aanbevelings te maak oor hoe dit verbeter kan word.
'n Perspektief op die bestudering van die sosiale aspek van taal
(University of Pretoria, 1977) Van Rensburg, M.C.J.; Kruger, Theula Elmarie
Die doel van hierdie verhandeling is om 'n oorsig te gee van die belangrikheid van die sosiale aspek van taal wat nie ontwyk kan word in die bestudering daarvan nie. Die vroeere "T.G.G.-linguiste" onder aanvoering van Chomsky het o.a. die volgende benadering en aannames gehuldig: Taal is homogeen en sy samestelling word volgens sprekere onveranderlike reels bepaal waarvolgens 'n model geformuleer kan word, waaraan alle uitinge, frases en sinne geteets kan word om hul grammatikaliteit al dan nie te bepaal. Die teorie wat uit hierdie reels geformuleer word,is die hoofdeterminant en alle data is ondergeskik hieraan. Daar bestaan 'n volmaakte sereker/hoorder-situasie by die indiwidu self wat a.g.v. sy intuitiewe begrip van die reels dus buite die sosiale omgewing gebruik kan word om hierdie reels te formuleer. Taalkonstruksies wat nie aan die reels gehoorsaam is nie, is ongrammatikaal en word verwerp. Hierteenoor het die jongere studierigtings soos o.a. Labov, Hymes & Bailey, Chomsky se sienswyses en sy benaderingsmetodes aangeval, gewysig of selfs verwerp en tot die volgende gevolgtrekkings geraak: Taal is heterogeen. Sy konstruksie word deur sekere veranderlike reels bepaal waarbinne variasie nie net moontlik is nie, maar die dinamiese kenmerk van 'n lewende taal onderstreep. Die dataversameling vind plaas binne die sosiale gespreksituasie en die teorie word ondergeskik gestel aan die data. 'n Ander betekeniswaarde word geheg aan die begrippe dialek en ongrammatikalieit van spraak. Die sosio-linguistiese aspek van Afrikaans word toegedlig met voorbeelde uit bandopnames van sprekers se taalgebruik in die Noord-Wes-Kaap.
The attitude of Black people of Hammanskraal towards Afrikaans and changes in this regard : a sociolinguistic and cultural studies approach
(University of Pretoria, 2019) Ohlhoff, Heinrich (Carl Heinrich Friedrich); shiburipiet8@gmail.com; Shiburi, Piet Thapedi
This explorative, qualitative study examines the attitude of Black people of Hammanskraal towards Afrikaans. The role that Afrikaans plays in this attitude was looked at. Qualitative research methodology was employed. Mixed method approach was also used. The findings of this study revealed that respondents’ attitude towards Afrikaans was generally negative. Possible reasons are the severe impact of apartheid policies on Black people and the negative attitude of the Boeremag towards them.

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