Theses and Dissertations (Social Work and Criminology)

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Gestaltterapie met die allergiese kind in die middelkinderjare
(University of Pretoria, 1999-08) Joubert, J.M.C.; Yssel, Johanna Maria
Afrikaans: Hierdie studie is gerig op die daarstelling van 'n gestaltspelterapeutiese program wat gebruik kan word om die allergiese kind in die middelkinderjare te begelei om beheer oor sy siekte te verkry en om die invloed daarvan op sy ontwikkelingstaakbemeestering te minimaliseer. In aansluiting hierby is 'n ouerleidingprogram ontwikkel waar gestaltbeginsels benut is om die ouers van die allergiese kinders ter versterking van die doelstellings van die spelterapeutiese program te bemagtig. Vanuit die literatuur en vorige navorsingsbevindinge is dit duidelik dat die voorkoms van 'n allergiese siekte 'n negatiewe invloed op die kind in die middelkinderjare se bemeestering van sy ontwikkelingstake op emosionele, sosiale en akademiese gebied kan uitoefen. Dit kan daartoe lei dat die kind se selfbeeldontwikkeling benadeel word en hy kan angs, frustrasie en aggressie ervaar wat sy gesonde funksionering strem. Op sosiale gebied kan allergiese siektes daartoe lei dat die kind ge"fsoleer word en dat hy nie soos sy maats aan alle aktiwiteite kan deelneem nie - dit kan tot portuurgroepverwerping lei. Op akademiese gebied kan die allergiese kind te siek voel om sy volle aandag aan sy skoolwerk te gee, wat moontlik onderprestasie en verminderde motivering tot gevolg kan he. Die voorkoms van 'n allergiese siekte het verder 'n definitiewe invloed op die gesinsfunksionering en kan negatiewe gevolge vir sowel die ouer-kind verhouding en opvoedingstyl as die sibbeverhoudinge inhou. Die beginsels van die gestaltbenadering fokus op die kind se verhoogde bewustheid van homself in sy situasie, sy verbeterde emosionele hantering van eise wat aan horn gestel word, die verhoging van sy beheer oor sy lewe en die versterking van sy eie verantwoordelikheidneming vir sy gesondheid. Deur die benutting van hierdie beginsels in beide programme kan die kind deur spelterapie en 'n ondersteunende ouerleidingprogram gehelp word om toepaslike beheer oor sy siekte uit te oefen en die moontlike negatiewe invloed van allergiese siektes op sy ontwikkelingstaak bemeestering en totale funksionering te minimaliseer. Ten einde die kennisleemte wat in die hantering van die spesifieke behoeftes van allergiese kinders bestaan te oorbrug, is die gestaltspelterapeutiese- en ouerleidingprogramme ontwikkel. Ses respondente in hul middelkinderjare en hul ouers is by die implementering van beide die spelterapeutiese- en ouerleidingprogramme betrek. Die navorsingsresultate het daarop gedui dat die gestaltspelterapeutiese program suksesvol was in die fasilitering van die kind se verhoogde bewustheid van homself in en verhoogde beheer oor sy situasie, verbeterde emosionele hantering en verhoogde verantwoordelikheidneming vir sy gesondheid. Die gegewens het verder daarop gedui dat die ouerleidingprogram suksesvol was om die ouers van die kinders tot ondersteuning van die spelterapeutiese doelstellings te bemagtig en hul opvoedingstaak te vergemaklik. Die programme is dus suksesvol vir sowel die gestaltterapeutiese begeleiding van allergiese kinders in die middelkinderjare tot optimale funksionering en beheer van allergiese siektes, as die bemagtiging van ouers ter ondersteuning van die spelterapeutiese program. Die gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings van die studie fokus op die bereiking van die doelstelling en doelwitte van die studie, gevolgtrekkings oor die navorsingsbevindinge, aspekte wat in ag geneem moet word in die gebruik van die programme en verdere navorsingsmoontlikhede wat uit die studie voortspruit.
'n Kwalitatiewe ondersoek na die emosionele belewenis van enkele Suid-Afrikaanse blanke geskeide mans
(University of Pretoria, 1992-02) Du Preez, M.S.E.; sulette.ferreira@gmail.com; Ferreira, Sulette
Afrikaans: Hierdie ondersoek lewer 'n beskeie bydrae tot die verkryging van wetenskaplike kennis oor mans se ervaring en hantering van egskeiding waaroor weinig, veral in Suid-Afrika, bekend is, asook tot die verskaffing van maatskaplikewerk-hulp aan mans wat in Suid-Afrika hierdie lewenskrisis beleef. Ten einde die ondersoek te kon doen, is die doelstellings van die ondersoek soos volggestel: Om deur middel van 'n verkenning van die bestaande literatuur oor egskeiding die sentrale teoretiese modelle te bepaal en te beskryf wat deur sosiaal-wetenskaplikes gekonstrueer is om egskeiding te begryp, en terapie te verskaf aan diegene wat daardeur geraak word. Om deur middel van 'n plooibare navorsingsbenadering, te wete die kwali tatiewe model, eerstehandse inligting te bekom rakende enkele geskeide blanke Suid-Afrikaanse mans se sosiale werklikheid, dit wil se hoe hulle sin en betekenis aan hul egskeidings gee. Om te let op die behoefte van die geskeide man aan terapeutiese hulpverlening en op grond hiervan aanbevelings te maak aan die Suid-Afrikaanse maatskaplikewerk-praktyk. Om 'n bydrae tot die metodologie van maatskaplikewerknavorsing in Suid-Afrika te lewer deur prakties te illustreer hoe die kwalitatiewe navorsingstyl wat tot nog toe selde in plaaslike maatskaplikewerk-studies onderneem is, aangewend kan word om geskeide mans se definisies van hul situasies, of meer spesifiek, hul subjektiewe ervarings en interpretasies van hul lotgevalle, te peil en te beskryf. Hoewel vandag algemeen aanvaar word dat een uit elke drie huwelike in Suid-Afrika in die egskeidingshof eindig, is wetenskaplike literatuur oor die probleem in die land beperk. Verder blyk dit dat weinig teoretiese en empiriese inligting spesifiek oor die geskeide man hier te lande beskikbaar is. Hoewel aansienlik meer aandag in die buiteland aan egskeiding gegee word, blyk dit dat sosiaal-wetenskaplikes veral in die geskeide vrou geYnteresseerd is en dat haar eweknie, te wete die geskeide man, verwaarloos word. Nogtans is waardevolle inligting uit die beskikbare literatuur onttrek oor die egskeidingsproses en oor sowel die geskeide vrou as die geskeide man. Die insigte wat van die onderskeie teoretici en navorsers verkry is, was nie alleen nuttig om die data te interpreteer wat tydens die empiriese studie ingesamel is nie, maar hou belofte in vir sowel verdere plaaslike studies van geskeide mans as vir hulpverlening aan hulle. Vyftien geskeide blanke mans is met behulp van die sneeubaltegniek opgespoor en tot deelname aan die empiriese studie oorgehaal. Hierbenewens is twee geskeide mans op dieselfde wyse gewerf om die navorsingsresultate te verifieer. Bestaande riglyne vir kwalitatiewe navorsing is sover moontlik in die studie toegepas en daar is daarin geslaag om, hoewel nie uitvoerig nie, 'n getroue prentjie van die lewensituasie van die geskeide blanke man te beskryf. Die data is verkry deur onderhoude (semi-gestruktureerd maar ook ongestruktureerd) met die respondente te voer en deur dokumente te benut wat hulle vir hul eie gebruik of op versoek van navorser opgestel het. Afgesien van die dokumente is van oudiobande gebruik gemaak en die byhou van notas om die verkree data vas te le. Die data is voortdurend bestudeer en is veral aan die einde van die ondersoek in temas en patrone gekategoriseer en geYnterpreteer met behulp van sekere bestaande teoriee wat tydens die literatuurverkenning afgebaken is. Regdeur die ondersoek is sover moontlik gepoog om faktore te neutraliseer wat die resultate nadelig kon beYnvloed. Die slotsom waartoe uiteindelik geraak is, is dat die lewensituasie van die aantal geskeide mans wat as proefpersone benut is, geldig en akkuraat verken en beskryf is. Die belangrikste bevindinge van die empiriese studie is die volgende: Egskeiding is 'n proses met fases wat onderskei maar nie geskei kan word nie; die geskeide man ervaar verskeie emosionele belewenisse voor, tydens en na afloop van die egskeiding; die aanpassing aan die egskeiding word deur verskillende faktore geaffekteer; egskeiding het 'n effek op die verhoudingslewe van die geskeide man; die godsdiensbeskouing van die geskeide man speel 'n kardinale rol in sy verwerking van die egskeiding en ten slotte het die geskeide man behoefte aan terapeutiese intervensie. Dit blyk dat geskeide mans by maatskaplikewerk-hulpverlening kan baat mits sodanige programme in samewerking met hulle opgestel word.
Young adult’s reflections on their experiences of social media use during adolescence : a case study in Pretoria, Gauteng
(University of Pretoria, 2024-07) Le Roux, M.P. (Liana); charmanayschoeman@gmail.com; Schoeman, Charmanay
In the digital age, social media has become an integral part of adolescents’ lives, shaping their behaviours, identities, and interactions. Social media use is associated with both advantages and risks. The goal of the study was to explore the experiences of social media use during adolescence through the reflections of a sample of young adults living in Pretoria, Gauteng, to provide insight into the phenomenon. The objectives were to theoretically conceptualise social media and to contextualise it within the South African context; to explore and describe participants’ use of social media during their adolescent years; to explore and describe the participants’ perceptions of positive and negative influences of social media use on them during adolescence; to obtain suggestions from the participants on promoting optimal use of social media by adolescents; and to obtain the participants’ suggestions for curbing the harmful effects of social media on adolescents. The research question that guided the research was: What are young adults’ reflections on their experiences of social media during adolescence? An interpretivist paradigm and qualitative research approach was adopted to gain a rich understanding of the participants’ perceptions of the phenomenon. Following an instrumental case study design, purposive and snowball sampling were used to recruit participants who could provide information to achieve the goal and objectives of the study.
Exploring perceptions of Restorative Justice implementation : insights from facilitators and offenders at two South African Correctional Centres
(University of Pretoria, 2025-01-30) Coetzee, Laetitia; Booyens, Karen; sammy.tuks@gmail.com; Bennie, Samantha
A dearth in research pertaining to the implementation of Restorative Justice (RJ) in South African Correctional Centres exists. In order to address this research gap and add to the knowledge base, the current study explored and described the perceptions of RJ facilitators pertaining to the implementation of RJ in two selected Correctional Centres and determined if and how victims are included in the RJ programme presented in the two selected Correctional Centres. Furthermore, the experiences of offenders who participated in the RJ programme presented in the two selected Correctional Centres were investigated, and improvement measures for RJ in Correctional Centres were explored and described. This culminated in an integrated framework of best practices pertaining to RJ in Correctional Centres. John Braithwaite’s Reintegrative Shaming theory, Paul McCold and Ted Wachtel’s Conceptual theory of RJ, Howard Zehr’s RJ framework, and Urie Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Systems theory guided the study. To achieve the aim and objectives of the study, a qualitative research approach was applied. Data collection methods included two focus group discussions (one for Gauteng and one for the Western Cape) with a total of twelve RJ programme facilitators from NGOs and FBOs who are involved in the facilitation of RJ programmes in Correctional Centres. Furthermore, twelve offenders from Correctional Centre A and seventeen offenders from Correctional Centre B participated in personal (face-to-face) interviews guided by a semi-structured interview guide. By utilising Braun and Clarke’s six-phase approach to reflexive thematic analysis, themes and sub-themes of the experiences of the RJ programme facilitators and offenders were developed. The findings indicated that although RJ has a distinctly positive impact, various improvement measures are needed with regard to the practical implementation thereof. RJ programme facilitators had consensus that RJ programmes that are implemented in Correctional Centres have a restorative nature; however, improvement measures are needed, including financing of NGOs and FBOs to facilitate these programmes, a larger group of facilitators, training of correctional officials, and the creation of a victim centre to focus on victim tracing. Offenders participating in RJ programmes agreed that additional facilitators are required, but placed more focus on a longer programme and extending the lessons of RJ to environments other than Correctional Centres to increase the chances of a fully restorative process. It furthermore became evident that although RJ programmes presented at Correctional Centres hold the same goals, they are not implemented in the same manner at different Correctional Centres. The integrated framework provided in the concluding chapter of this thesis is an attempt to propose a research-informed RJ programme that can be presented in South African Correctional Centres in order to achieve a standardised response to restore justice between offenders and their victims.
Exploring children’s experiences and perspectives on flood-related disaster risk reduction and adaptation in Mamelodi East
(University of Pretoria, 2025-05) Lombard, A. (Antoinette); phiwemm@gmail.com; Mazibuko, Simphiwe Clamentine
In South Africa, floods have become a more prominent natural disaster in recent years primarily due to extreme weather events linked to climate change. These extreme weather events and natural disasters disproportionately impact and affect children. The goal of the study was to explore children’s experiences and perspectives on flood-related disaster risk reduction (DRR) and adaptation in Mamelodi East. A qualitative study was conducted using an exploratory case study design. The sample of four participants aged 8 to 12 years from Viva Foundation School in Mamelodi East was selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using photovoice and semi-structured one-on-one interviews and analysed utilising the six phases of the reflexive thematic analysis method. The participant’s parents/guardians provided informed consent, and the participants gave their assent, while the researcher adhered to the confidentially of information as outlined in the ethical considerations of the study. The findings indicate that illegal waste dumping, and lack of necessary infrastructure contribute to environmental risks of flooding in Mamelodi East. Additionally, the findings reveal that floods negatively impact the daily functioning of the community, including people’s health and the environment. The study concluded that children are well informed about the interrelated nature of environmental flood risks and the severity of flooding impacts in their community. They recognise how floods affect their own lives as well as the lives of community members. Based on the identified environmental flood risks, participants proposed strategies to mitigate these risks and the impacts of floods, including the construction of flood-resistant infrastructure, improved waste removal services, and the initiation and implementation of clean-up campaigns. The study recommends that the community launch educational awareness campaigns about the impact of illegal waste dumping. Secondly, it advocates for the creation of resilient and improved infrastructure. Additionally, the study suggests that local and provincial governments enhance the provision of basic services. Lastly, it encourages promoting children’s involvement in disaster risk reduction efforts.
Developing social work guidelines for community gardens for persons with disabilities in Limpopo Province : a social development approach
(University of Pretoria, 2024-10) Bila, Nontembeko; briantigere@yahoo.com; Tigere, Brian
In South Africa's Limpopo province, community gardens registered under the Non-Profit Act provide welfare services to persons with disabilities. These gardens follow a welfarist approach and can significantly contribute to social development services. Persons with disabilities are often excluded from economic and social services, especially in rural areas. The study aimed to develop guidelines for social workers and community gardens to improve the socio-economic conditions of persons with disabilities. The empirical research occurred in community gardens across five districts in Limpopo, South Africa: Capricorn, Waterberg, Sekhukhune, Mopani, and Vhembe. The study consisted of two phases: the first employed a qualitative approach, and the second utilised a quantitative approach. A mixed-method approach (qualitative and quantitative) was used in the study. In the first phase, 50 persons with disabilities were selected from five community gardens, one from each of the five districts. Additionally, ten social workers from the five districts participated in the study. Five community garden managers were included in the first phase. Lastly, five agricultural extension officers from the Department of Agricultural provincial office in Polokwane, Capricorn district, participated in the study. Seventy participants took part in the first phase of the study. In the second phase, 20 social workers received training on using and implementing the guidelines. A pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-test and post-test was used based on the intervention research approach. The same group of 20 participants took a post-test to compare and interpret the impact of the guideline training. The study's first phase and literature helped create guidelines for community gardens for persons with disabilities meant for social workers. Findings showed that social workers' developmental social work services in these gardens failed due to a lack of guidelines, resulting in inconsistent service delivery. Additionally, social workers lacked knowledge and skills for working effectively with persons with disabilities. The guideline resulted from the findings of the first phase of the study. Key findings indicate that community gardens offer economic and social benefits for persons with disabilities, contributing to poverty alleviation and improved livelihoods. Additionally, these gardens are crucial for the social and emotional well-being of individuals with disabilities and can serve as sites for delivering social developmental services. Quantitative results show that the guideline is novel to social workers. It serves as a starting point and is usable but requires refinement. Post-test scores improved understanding of the guidelines compared to pre-test scores, indicating participant capacity-building. The results suggest that the guideline can empower social workers to provide developmental social work services to persons with disabilities within community gardens. This guideline can be employed to mainstream and standardise the provision of social services in community gardens for persons with disabilities. Keywords: Person with disability, Disability, Physical disability, Paraplegia, Community garden, Guideline, Social work, Developmental social work, Protective workshop, Community development
Social work support services for unaccompanied refugee children in the City of Tshwane Metro Pretoria
(University of Pretoria, 2025-05) Giliome, Corlie; smileyyeukai@gmail.com; Pedzisa, Yeukai
Globally, the migration of unaccompanied refugee children is a growing phenomenon. In South Africa, this trend has necessitated a critical examination of the social work services available to these children and the effectiveness of the interventions. This study explores the experiences of social workers in providing services to this vulnerable population, the barriers they encounter, and their recommendations for improving service delivery. Drawing upon a human rights-based approach, this qualitative research employed semi-structured interviews with eight social workers in Gauteng Province, South Africa, to gather in-depth perspectives on the challenges and successes in supporting unaccompanied refugee children. The findings reveal that unaccompanied refugee children receive a range of social work services, including assessments, basic needs fulfilment, documentation assistance, and psycho-social support. The study also highlights significant barriers hindering effective service provision by social workers, such as challenges related to the documentation of refugee children, the implementation of relevant laws and policies, language differences, limited material resources, systemic limitations within the welfare system, and a perceived lack of specialised experience among some social workers. Despite these barriers, social workers reported positive outcomes in certain cases, alongside instances where services fell short of meeting the complex needs of this population. Social workers interviewed provided suggestions for improvement, emphasising the need for structured and increased collaboration among stakeholders; the integration of refugee children within host communities; and greater government involvement and accountability; provision of training for social workers on refugee issues; and a more effective application of relevant international and national legal frameworks, including the Children’s Act 38 of 2005 and the Refugee Act 130 of 1998. Although the study did not seek the perceptions of the unaccompanied children, and the findings cannot be generalised due to the small sample size, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the challenges and opportunities in serving unaccompanied refugee children and provides insights for strengthening social work interventions.
Caregivers’ views on screen time and its effect on social interactions among children in the intermediate phase in Knysna, South Africa
(University of Pretoria, 2025-03) Chiba, Jenita; mionadeklerk@gmail.com; De Klerk, Miona
This study investigates caregivers' views of screen time’s effects on the social interactions of South African children in the intermediate phase (ages 9-12). The research is driven by concern regarding increased screen time exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. An interpretivist approach was employed, utilising a descriptive and explorative design to gain an in-depth understanding of caregivers' views. Data were collected using qualitative methods, including semi-structured interviews with a purposively selected sample of caregivers. The thematic analysis was guided by the principle of trustworthiness, encompassing credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. Ethical considerations were rigorously complied with to ensure participants’ safety and the integrity of the research. The key findings highlight the complicated dynamics of screen time within families. While digital devices offer children educational content, communication mechanisms, and entertainment, caregivers noted significant challenges. These include reduced family interaction, conflict, and potential screen time addiction. Particularly during the pandemic, screen time played a dual role in facilitating learning and maintaining social connections, but also contributed to weakened family bonds and over-reliance on devices. The study underscores the critical role of caregivers in screen time management. Caregivers suggested structured routines, participation in extracurricular activities, and establishing clear house rules to balance screen time and other social and developmental activities. Effective screen time management supports healthier relationships within families and ensures children’s social skills are nurtured despite their engagement with technology. In conclusion, the findings suggest a balanced approach that promotes screen time while reducing its negative effects. By offering guidance on strategies for screen time management, this study provides a valuable resource for social workers, educators, and caregivers aiming to enhance children's social interactions in the digital age. Future research should explore how socio-economic factors influence screen time dynamics and the long-term implications for children’s development.
Balancing screen time and social interactions : South African caregivers' experiences
(University of Pretoria, 2025) Chiba, Jenita; mia19862@gmail.com; De Jager, Meagan
This study explored the experiences of caregivers regarding the impact of screen time on the social interactions of children in the intermediate phase (grades 4–6). Guided by Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory and Vygotsky’s Social Interaction Theory, the research employed a qualitative, interpretivist approach using a case study design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six caregivers. Findings revealed both positive and negative effects of screen time, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the importance of balance and healthy digital habits. The study recommends educational programmes for caregivers and policy development to guide appropriate screen use and support children’s social development.
The perspectives of black caregivers on child therapy in Gauteng, South Africa
(University of Pretoria, 2025-03) Jordaan, Leanne; u19191457@tuks.co.za; Hartze, Cherezaan
The idea of utilising therapeutic services has gained more traction over the last few decades as society and caregivers are starting to realise the importance of the holistic well-being of children, especially their mental and emotional well-being. However, there are still discrepancies and inequalities when it comes to the number of Black caregivers making use of and allowing their children to go to child therapy. The onus of the research study was to explore and to describe the perspectives of Black caregivers on child therapy, specifically in the context of South Africa and find out what modern, contemporary perspectives from Black caregivers are. The aim of the study was to explore and describe the perspectives of Black caregivers on child therapy in Gauteng and the research approach used to guide the research was of a qualitative nature with interpretivism being the paradigm through which the research was based. An applied research type was utilised to provide recommendations to real world practice, with a case study design outlined for the research design, particularly the instrumental case study design. The study population comprised of 8 Black caregivers residing in Gauteng and who were /are caregivers to children under the age of 18 years. Purposive sampling was method used to find participants as they had to meet the inclusion criteria. Data was collected through the form of face-to-face interviews and data was collected until data saturation was reached at 8 interviews. The data analysis technique used for the study was reflexive thematic analysis using sematic, descriptive coding. Ethical considerations that were considered during the study were avoidance of harm, no compensation, anonymity and confidentiality, informed consent and voluntary participation, adherence to the SACCSP code of ethics and finally analysis and reporting accuracy including competency. Key findings were derived from the research question: “What are the perspectives of Black caregivers on child therapy in Gauteng, South Africa?” The research participants shared that they believe child therapy is important and an essential service that should be widely spread across communities and more awareness should be generated on the need for children across public institutions such as schools and clinics. Black caregivers main the idea that child therapy is reserved for White individuals and deem it weak for Black caregivers seek out this service. Contrastingly, they highlight the benefits of child therapy as way to empower and educate caregivers on the development of children and equip them with skills to aid their children in adverse times and acknowledge that they would make use of child therapy wholeheartedly Recommendations for the social work profession include provide educational workshops and creating awareness on accessible child therapy at public service institutions such as clinics, schools and health facilities in order to bridge the gap of Black caregivers not making use of these services. Recommendations for future, prospective research could extend the study to a broader scale, studying the perspectives of Black caregivers on child therapy provincially and making child therapy equitable and legislatively mandated for all children and their caregivers seeking these services.
Evaluating the effectiveness of protection orders in preventing further victimisation of female survivors of domestic violence in the City of Tshwane, South Africa
(University of Pretoria, 2024-11) Gutura, Priscilla; u15232612@tuks.co.za; Muruzi, Yeukai Leoba
The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of protection orders in preventing further victimisation of female survivors of domestic violence by the perpetrators in the City of Tshwane. The study had two sets of participants, which were the female survivors of domestic violence, and social workers that intervene in domestic violence cases. A mixed methods research approach was applied for the female survivors, and a qualitative approach for the social worker participants. The female survivors experienced all forms of abuse as stipulated in the Domestic Violence Amendment Act 14 of 2021. The female survivor participants’ knowledge of protection orders was associated with many of them not being aware of protection orders prior to the abuse and they believed protection order information was inaccessible and mainly obtained when one reports domestic violence to the police. Majority of the survivors with the interim and final protection order confirmed them to be effective in stopping the abuse. Less contact between the survivor and the perpetrator contributed to the effectiveness, whereas continued sharing of living space led to inefficacy of the orders. Social workers were regarded as important service providers for the female survivors applying for protection orders. However, their services are less known to the female survivors of domestic violence. The study concluded that the interim and final protection orders are effective in stopping further victimisation of women who have experienced abuse and promoting their safety. The effectiveness is also indicated by the perpetrator’s desistance. However, information about protection orders is rarely available to the public. Those who are aware of protection orders barely know the actual details of the application process and issuing, and many doubt their efficacy. The study further concluded that social workers are an important source of help for the female survivors of domestic violence seeking protection orders and in promoting perpetrator’s behavioural change through mediation. The study recommends more community awareness initiatives on domestic violence and the use of protection orders. Since social workers were found to be essential in assisting survivors to apply for protection orders, the study formulated practice guidelines for supporting the survivors when applying for protection orders. It is also important that the law enforces compliance with protection orders and take action when there is violation of protection orders.
The design of an outpatient harm reduction intervention for the management of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in South Africa
(University of Pretoria, 2025-07) Geyer, Stephan; thembinkosimabuza3@gmail.com; Singwane, Thembinkosi Peter
Alcohol Use Disorders (AUDs) pose significant health and social challenges globally, with a rising prevalence in low and middle-income countries, including South Africa (SA). In SA, harmful alcohol use contributes significantly to health and socio-economic burdens, particularly in the Limpopo, Mpumalanga, and Gauteng provinces. Despite global and national efforts in addressing AUDs, the dominance of abstinence-based treatment models in SA has created a gap in accessible alcohol harm reduction approaches tailored to the needs of individuals unwilling or unable to embrace abstinence. This study addresses this gap firstly through insights gathered from service users using qualitative interviews and secondly through quantitative data collected from service providers using a web-based QualtricsXM survey. Lastly, the study bridges this gap by designing an outpatient alcohol harm reduction intervention grounded in the harm reduction approach. Hence, the goal of the study was to develop an outpatient alcohol harm reduction intervention for the management of AUDs in South Africa. In line with the framework of Intervention Research (IR), the study started by performing a scoping review aimed at synthesising the existing literature on alcohol harm reduction interventions within the Global South, specifically for one decade (i.e., January 2013 – June 2023). This was followed by a mixed methods research approach as operationalised through a concurrent mixed methods design within the framework of IR. A total of 89 participants were purposively selected, comprising 60 service providers (social workers, psychologists, nurses and doctors) and twenty-nine service users with AUDs at outpatient treatment centres in three SA provinces. Quantitative data were gathered through a non-standardised web-based QualtricsXM survey with service providers, while qualitative data was gained through semi-structured interviews with service users. The scoping review (i.e., Phase 2 of IR, specifically “Information gathering and synthesis”) highlighted critical gaps in existing interventions, particularly the limited focus on outpatient settings and the lack of targeted strategies for vulnerable populations in the Global South. The triangulated results (i.e., Phase 1 of the intervention research, specifically “Problem analysis and project planning”) highlighted the critical harms associated with AUDs from both the perspectives of service users and service providers, such as social isolation, economic difficulties, and co-morbid physical and mental health challenges. Hence, the developed prototype intervention (i.e., Phase 3 of IR - Design) seeks to address these challenges/harms through ten embedded sessions. The ten sessions of the intervention focus on a structured and client-centred approach to reducing the harms associated with AUDs. The intervention addressed key elements: assessment, motivation, leveraging support systems, managing barriers, understanding health impacts, and developing personalised strategies for harm reduction and responsible drinking. The findings of the study demonstrate that individuals experience alcohol harms (i.e., physical health issues, psychological harms, social harms, and economic challenges) as a result of their harmful alcohol use. The study further found that there is a need for a viable alternative to abstinence-focused models in addressing AUDs in outpatient settings, such as the intervention developed in the present study. It is recommended that the intervention be piloted and refined to ensure flexibility and effectiveness in diverse settings.
Exploring the influence of psychosocial factors on the mental health of parents caring for children with intellectual disabilities Eersterust
(University of Pretoria, 2025-04-30) Bila, Nontembeko; u16220154@tuks.co.za; Zwane, Karabo P. (Princess)
Many studies have explored intellectual disabilities (IDs) in children, but there is limited research on the mental health of parents caring for them. Parents caring for children with IDs are often faced with unique challenges and stressors that influence their mental health. While studies in mainly developed countries have examined this issue, there is still a lack of research focusing on the experiences of South African parents. The purpose of the study was to explore the psychosocial factors influencing the mental health of parents caring for children with intellectual disabilities in Eersterust. It sought to identify the coping strategies parents use to manage stress, explore the sources of social support available to them and their impact on mental well-being, and explore and describe the role of resilience in promoting parental mental health. Additionally, the study aimed to provide recommendations for enhancing services and support systems for these parents. A qualitative research approach was appropriate for this study as the researcher wanted to understand the lived experiences of parents caring for children with IDs. Five participants were purposively selected in Eersterust. Semi-structured interviews, comprising open-ended questions with an interview guide, were utilised to collect data, which were then analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. The study identified seven key themes related to the experiences of parents caring for children with intellectual disabilities. The first theme focused on the emotional and psychological impact, highlighting struggles with denial and acceptance after diagnosis, fears about the child's future, and emotional exhaustion or burnout. Social challenges and exclusion emerged as another significant theme, with sub-themes including stigma and judgment, avoidance of social settings, and a general lack of awareness in the community. Financial strain was also a concern, particularly regarding the costs of diapers and specialised diets. Parenting challenges were explored, particularly difficulties in managing aggressive or disobedient behaviour, supporting social and emotional expressions, and navigating traditional and cultural beliefs. In terms of coping mechanisms, parents relied on faith and prayer, sought support from family, and used distractions and emotional control strategies. Despite these challenges, some positive aspects and personal growth were noted, such as celebrating their child's strengths and developing a greater awareness and understanding of intellectual disabilities. Lastly, the study presented several recommendations, emphasising the need for more substantial community support, increased awareness and positive attitudes toward intellectual disabilities, and improved access to resources and services. The key findings can help improve support services by informing targeted interventions that address parents' emotional, social, and financial challenges. Raising awareness and reducing stigma can foster community acceptance and inclusivity, while parenting support programs can equip caregivers with strategies to manage behavioural challenges and navigate cultural beliefs. Improved access to resources, such as financial aid and specialised services, can ease the burden on families. Strengthening coping mechanisms through peer support and mental health initiatives can enhance resilience and well-being. Lastly, these findings highlight the need for further research on parental mental health in South Africa, ensuring long-term improvements in care and support systems. Future research could expand on this study by exploring the experiences of parents caring for multiple children with intellectual disabilities and examining differences in stress levels, coping strategies, and support systems. Since only female participants were included in this study, future research should also explore the experiences of fathers, focusing on their mental health, caregiving roles, and coping mechanisms. Additionally, studying the perspectives of siblings of children with intellectual disabilities could provide a broader understanding of family dynamics and the overall psychosocial impact on parental well-being.
The experiences of families living in KwaZulu-Natal caring for children in middle childhood during the COVID-19 pandemic
(University of Pretoria, 2025-03) Chiba, Jenita; Harms-Smith, Linda; gogemf@icloud.com; Goge, Mbali Faith Phumzile
Caregiving is said to be challenging, and the strains that were endured during the COVID-19 pandemic added to the challenges of caregiving. Unemployment rates showed an increase to a 42.6% rate in South Africa. COVID-19 effects added stress and anxiety to the public, as families faced death, loss of income, insecure attachments, decreased boundaries, anxiety, depression, mental health and overall illness, and various other stressors. The above experiences were factors that had implications for the caregivers trying to meet the needs of a growing child that is in middle childhood. These experiences are seldom known, and thus, families fall victim to dysfunction. The goal of the research study was to explore and describe the experiences of families living in KwaZulu-Natal that cared for children in middle childhood during the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative research approach was conducted to gather information that would elaborate in detail on the individual experiences of the caregivers. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, with an interview schedule as a guide. Non-probability sampling – purposive sampling was utilised to ensure that the caregivers caring for children in middle childhood (6-12 years) who were living in KwaZulu- Natal were selected. Six participants (six females) formed the sampled group. Findings of the study suggested that the caregivers experienced financial constraints and distress during this period. In the experience of such, they engage in desperate means of survival. Social systems were affected as the families’ frustrations affected behaviours and the relations within the household, at times resulting in domestic violence perpetuation. Families became helpless and hopeless during the period, as they had no sense of permanency. Based on the findings, it was evident that the families required intense interventions to curb all the newly adopted negative stressors and coping mechanisms. It is recommended that outlines of psychosocial support interventions and distress strategies be developed for these crises prior to them taking place. The above is to ensure that they are known, and thus manpower, implementation, or resources are not a challenge in rollouts.
A hybrid approach towards inclusive social work practice in South Africa
(University of Pretoria, 2025-04) Lombard, A. (Antoinette); elmien.claassens@up.ac.za; Claassens, Elmien
The integration of technology into social work is not a new phenomenon, but the challenge of social work practice keeping pace with technological advancements driven by industrial revolutions and evolving innovations remains ongoing. What is new, however, is the need to ensure that these technological developments foster an inclusive and just society. While technology-supported social work services provide an additional platform to reach vulnerable populations, the digital divide exacerbates existing inequalities by excluding those who are already marginalised. Many people lack access to technology-supported services due to limited connectivity or inadequate devices, which emphasises the critical advocacy role of social workers in promoting social inclusion. The study adopted the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as well as Fraser’s theory of social justice as its theoretical frameworks to explore how a hybrid approach can facilitate inclusive social work practice in South Africa. A mixed methods approach was employed, combining both quantitative and qualitative research designs. The quantitative phase used an exploratory sequential research design, while the quantitative phase employed a sequential approach. Participants were purposively sampled from the Department of Social Development (DSD) and the National Association of Social Service Organisations (NACOSS). In the qualitative phase, the researcher collected data through semi-structured, one-on-one interviews with 22 social workers and managers. In the quantitative phase, she collected data from 105 social workers and managers through self-administered online questionnaires to assess how they combine technology with in-person social services. The final data analysis triangulated thematic and statistical findings to generate integrated themes and sub-themes, which were used to present the study’s findings. Ethical considerations were adhered to throughout the study, and ethical clearance was granted by the Faculty of Humanities (protocol number HUM 015/0323). The findings indicate that a hybrid approach can enhance the inclusion of disadvantaged people in social service delivery, though it is not without challenges. Both social workers and service users face significant obstacles, namely gaps in digital literacy, limited access to devices and connectivity, and concerns about privacy, confidentiality and ethical practice. The digital divide–exacerbated by socio-economic inequalities and infrastructural limitations—poses a critical barrier to inclusive social service delivery. The findings confirm the need for clear guidelines to guide social workers and organisations to effectively adopt and integrate technology with in-person services. Recommendations for implementing the proposed guidelines are: clear ethical standards, organisational management and training, government policy and sustainability considerations, social justice advocacy, partnerships, and the training of social work students.
The quality of life of homeless older persons in Housing First facilities in the City of Tshwane : best practices for interdisciplinary teams
(University of Pretoria, 2025-04) Geyer, Stephan; u18165542@tuks.co.za; Mgwedli, Merriam
Increasing homelessness among older persons (from 50 years upward) is a global problem. Scrutiny revealed a lacuna pertaining to the quality of life among homeless older persons in Housing First facilities. To fill the identified gap, this study followed the biopsychosocial perspective and adopted a mixed methods research approach to determine the quality of life of homeless older persons in Housing First facilities in the City of Tshwane. Following a non-probability sampling procedure, quantitative data was collected through face-to-face surveys of homeless older persons (n=38) using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, which measures and assesses the respondents’ perceived quality of life across the domains of physical health, psychological well-being, social relationships, and their environment on a 5-point Likert scale. Quantitative data analysis focused on descriptive and inferential statistics. Furthermore, qualitative data was gathered to explore and describe how interdisciplinary teams (n=5) could promote the quality of life of homeless older persons through face-to-face semi-structured interviews. The reflexive thematic analysis process was followed for qualitative data analysis. For quality of life, the domain of psychological well-being (M=3.77) measured the highest; followed by physical health (M=3.64); the environment (M=3.32); and social relationships (M=3.22); indicating, in totality, a perception of a moderate quality of life. Moreover, participants perceived their quality of life (M=3.26) as neither poor nor good, and they were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with their health (M=3.55). Qualitative findings complemented these results, suggesting that the quality of life of homeless older persons requires improvement in the domains of biological well-being (through better nutrition, medical care, and hygiene); improved psychological well-being (through emotional and psychological support); and improved social well-being (through higher family support, socialisation, financial functioning and spiritual well-being). The mixed methods results were used to delineate best-practice guidelines to formulate service delivery guidelines that will promote the biopsychosocial well-being of homeless older persons in Housing First facilities, resulting in improved quality of life.
The ford resource and engagement centre (frec) programme's contribution to mitigating poverty : perspectives from early exit and currently enrolled participants
(University of Pretoria, 2024-12) Lombard, A. (Antoinette); abigailmza@gmail.com; Mzayidume, Abigail
The United Nations has identified poverty as the greatest global challenge, making its eradication a priority at a global, regional, and national levels. While plans have been outlined to combat poverty, collective action from all stakeholders is required for meaning action. The FREC programme, as an incubator for micro-businesses and a trainer of entrepreneurs, can be considered as one of these stakeholders. However, its role in mitigating poverty and contributing to sustainable livelihoods is unknown. The goal of the study was to explore the FREC programme’s contribution to mitigating poverty from the perspectives of early exit and currently enrolled participants. This study was explored within the theoretical framework of the sustainable livelihoods framework. The study employed a qualitative research approach, and the type of research was applied. The research design was a case study, and purposive sampling was used to select five early exit and five currently enrolled participants from the FREC programme. One-on-one semi-structured interviews were conducted for data collection, and the data was analysed thematically. Data quality was ensured by assessing the trustworthiness of the study, and ethical considerations were strictly adhered to throughout the research process. The findings indicate that participants joined the FREC programme primarily to enhance their entrepreneurial knowledge and skills and to access financial support. Participants reported improvements in their social and economic well-being as a result of their engagement in the FREC programme, although these improvements were not substantial. The findings suggest that participants believe the FREC programme has the potential to bring about long-term, sustainable change in their livelihoods. Participants also provided suggestions for how the FREC programme could be improved to increase its impact on poverty mitigation. The study concludes that the FREC programme contributes to mitigating poverty, according to both early exit and currently enrolled participants. The entrepreneurial skills and insights gained through the programme have a positive impact on participants’ social and economic well-being. The study recommends that the FREC programme partners with established businesses to provide funding and mentoring, enhances the role of facilitators, and integrate developmental social work to strengthen social development partnerships, ensuring more prominent and sustainable outcomes.
Children’s perspectives on child well-being : a pathway to sustainable futures. A case study in the Brits and Rustenburg areas in North West Province
(University of Pretoria, 2024-10) Le Roux, Magdalena Petronella; rosinahbila@yahoo.com; Bila, Mmatshupa Rosinah
Well-being is a multi-dimensional construct that refers to the positive relationship that one has with others, feeling content and having a degree of control over one’s life. Child well-being involves physical, mental, cognitive, social, material and environmental domains of well-being. Given that child well-being was often studied from the perspectives of adults, this study was conducted with the aim of understanding the subjective well-being of children - or how children perceive their own well-being - as a pathway to sustainable futures. As children’s development is influenced by their environment, the ecological systems theory was the theoretical framework for the study. A qualitative research approach and an interpretative research paradigm were adopted to understand children’s subjective views on child well-being. As the research findings were aimed to inform social work practice, the study was categorised as applied research. An instrumental case study design was relevant for understanding the well-being of children by exploring their own views. By means of purposive and snowball sampling, a study sample of 10 children in middle childhood were recruited in the Brits and Rustenburg areas in the North West province. Semi-structured interviews guided by an interview schedule and visual communication cards were used to collect data. Thematic data analysis was implemented to analyse the data. Research ethical principles guided the implementation of the study to prevent harm to the research participants. The findings from the study revealed that children’s well-being was associated with children being happy, loved and cared for, while their well-being was influenced by their interactions with their parents, siblings, members of the extended family, friends, teachers and even their pets. The research findings show that meeting children’s needs, having access to relevant community resources, and positive environmental conditions would support children’s well-being. The participants also suggested actions by adults and by children themselves that could enhance child well-being. The study revealed that children can voice their opinions on child well-being and that they can participate collaboratively with adults in enhancing their well-being if their views are considered and they are given opportunities for participation. All things considered, social workers can be in the frontline when it comes to protecting and enhancing children’s well-being by acting, amongst others, as advocates and educators for relevant interventions and services on different ecological levels. Further research on child well-being in South Africa can inform interventions to enhance the well-being of South Africa’s children.
Exploring the perspectives of primary school children on disaster risk reduction and adaptation. A case study of flood experiences in Mamelodi East
(University of Pretoria, 2024-11) Lombard, A. (Antoinette) ; nzimande20@gmail.com; Thabede, Patience Ntombifuthi
Floods have affected the community of Mamelodi East twice in less than four years (Mahlokwane, 2023), resulting in property loss, loss of life, and displacement. The local government has been accused of making empty promises regarding the relocation of families to alternative spaces (Mabona, 2022; Mahlokwane, 2023), raising concerns about what might happen if the community is affected again. Children, as a particularly vulnerable group, are affected by floods through loss, injury, and illnesses, yet they are seldom meaningfully consulted in decisions related to disaster risk reduction (DRR). The study used resilience theory as its theoretical framework, emphasising how vulnerabilities and protective factors affect the community’s preparedness for floods and adaptation strategies. The goal of the study was to explore the perspectives of primary school children on DRR and adaptation through a case study of their flood experiences in Mamelodi East. The study employed a qualitative research approach and used participatory action research as a subtype of applied research. The research design was an exploratory case study. Purposeful sampling was used to select four learners from grades four, five, and six at Viva Independent School as participants. Data were collected through photovoice and semi-structured one-on-one interviews. The data were analysed using the six phases of the reflexive thematic approach. The findings indicate that human behaviours, such as waste dumping in the river and vulnerable infrastructure, contribute to flooding in the community. This results in deaths and injuries, destruction of assets and infrastructure, adverse effects on livelihoods, and forced displacement. The findings further suggest that the community’s resilience is undermined by systemic issues such as poverty, inadequate access to resources, infrastructure vulnerabilities, safety during floods, and the lack of early warning systems, factors that all affect the community’s preparedness for future floods. The study concluded that behaviour modification, especially in waste management, along with good governance, could reduce the factors contributing to floods. furthermore, limited awareness of DRR and structural issues contributes to the disproportionate impact experienced by the community during floods. Additionally, a comprehensive pathway for strategic changes such as “building back better,” should be implemented with meaningful community participation. The study recommends comprehensive education on DRR, key partnerships, and sustainable development as strategies to enhance the community’s preparedness for future floods. Social work can play a role through systemic planning and interventions aimed at integrating the developmental approach in disaster risk reduction. This includes advocacy for improved service delivery on basic needs by local government, such as the relocation of informal dwellers living along floodplains, and the implementation of measures to prevent new residents from settling in vacated areas.
Challenges and opportunities for the integration of second-generation Zimbabweans in South Africa : implications for social work with migrants
(University of Pretoria, 2024-12) Lombard, A. (Antoinette); Holscher, Dorothee; sharon.maqembe.mpofu@gmail.com; Mpofu, Sheron
South Africa is home to a diverse population of migrants from across the African continent, with the majority of them coming from the Southern African region. Second-generation migrants constitute part of the migrant population living in and being integrated into South African society. The study’s focus is on second-generation children and young people. This study aims to explore second-generation Zimbabwean migrants’ experiences of inclusion or exclusion in South Africa along the political, economic, legal, and social dimensions of their lives. The study also seeks to determine if inclusion or exclusion is passed on intergenerationally, how second-generation migrants’ experiences affect their well-being, as well as the implications of their experiences for social work. To gain an in-depth understanding of the experiences of second-generation migrants, the study uses anti-oppressive social work as its theoretical framework, drawing on concepts of coloniality, misframing and oppression. The study employs a qualitative interpretive methodology, utilising a case study design. The research is conducted in study areas, namely Pretoria and Johannesburg. A purposive sampling strategy was used, and research participants were recruited via snowball and convenience sampling. Data was collected through semi-structured, one-on-one interviews. Sixteen second generation Zimbabwean migrants, aged between 14 and 21, and 10 key informants from the fields of education, social welfare, sport, and legal services were interviewed. Data was analysed using thematic content analysis. The study adhered to ethical requirements, and the study’s protocol number is HUM 017/0622. Findings indicate that second-generation migrants integrate into three home communities: middle-income areas, townships, and inner-city migrant communities, with school being an additional community where integration mainly takes place. Both at home and in school, language functions as the main tool for assimilation, integration and acculturation. Second generation migrants are part of the mostly unequal friendship networks formed at school, as they are teased, bullied and subjected to xenophobia owing to their Zimbabwean origins. Beyond their daily encounters with community members and peers, South Africa’s documentation and migration laws are a major factor influencing the integration experiences of the children of migrants. Second-generation migrants face documentation barriers and, resultantly, encounter difficulties when accessing social welfare, educational and health care services. The findings indicate that due to these documentation barriers and discrimination, second-generation migrants and their families live in hiding and maintain invisibility. Intergenerational similarities and differences between first-generation and second-generation migrants were found in making the decision to migrate, as well as in experiencing solidarity and discrimination. These factors influence their differential integration. Second-generation migrants have career-oriented goals, dreams, and hopes, which some of them believe to be achievable through hard work. However, others thought they would not realise their goals in South Africa. The goals, dreams and hopes of second-generation migrants are dependent on the class and economic standing of their migrant parents. Besides their generally difficult circumstances, second-generation migrants have found support and care from community members and friends, and expressed gratefulness for being raised in a relatively well-resourced a country like South Africa. Furthermore, they reported experiencing valuable service provision from teachers, social workers and lawyers. Identity is central to second-generation migrants’ experiences, impacting their assimilation, integration and acculturation. This study concluded from participants’ accounts that based on their identity as Zimbabweans, and despite their attempts to integrate into South Africa, second-generation migrants are considered outsiders by the state and some South African community members. Thus, they are subjected to oppression, particularly marginalisation, cultural imperialism, social and psychological violence, and are rendered powerless. The study recommends that anti-oppressive social work be made relevant to the contexts of the Global South and that there is a need to adopt more macro level social work practice with migrants. The study also recommends that policymakers in the fields of education, migration, and social welfare prioritise the rights of children, along with undertaking further research in social work and migration, focusing specifically on the children of migrants.

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