Incidence and nature of functional voice disorders in adults at an Interdisciplinary voice clinic

Abstract

Abstract Introduction: Functional Voice Disorders (FVDs) are types of voice disorders that arise from improper use of the vocal mechanism. It is characterized by the absence of anatomical or neurological abnormalities. Despite their prevalence, the incidence and nature of FVDs, particularly among occupational voice users, have been inadequately reported globally. This study sought to address this gap by describing the incidence and nature of FVDs in adults attending an interdisciplinary voice clinic in Pretoria, South Africa.

Methodology: A retrospective quantitative research design was employed. Data was sourced from a voice clinic's secure medical database. Patients over eighteen years with confirmed FVDs diagnosed between January 2017 and July 2022 were included. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS, utilising both descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results: Of the total 516 patients with voice disorders seen between January 2017 and July 2022, 16.67% had FVDs, with muscle tension dysphonia being the most prevalent primary diagnosis. The most common secondary diagnosis was laryngeal pharyngeal reflux (39.5%). Patients with FVDs presented with a variety of signs and symptoms, with hoarseness being the most common. No significant differences were found between occupational voice users and non-occupational voice users.

Conclusion: The study’s findings emphasised the need for understanding the landscape of FVDs in South Africa. It highlighted the importance of interdisciplinary care and the need for further research to optimise prevention and management strategies. Furthermore, it underscores the significance of addressing these disorders on a global scale, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, by outlining research gaps among these populations.