Comparison of continuous and rotational grazing systems on veld condition, calving percentages and body condition of selected wildlife species

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the effect of different grazing systems on veld conditions, body conditions, and calving percentages (production parameters) of African buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer), sable antelope (Hippotragus niger niger), and roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus equinus). The study was conducted on Dronfield Nature Reserve, which is located in the Kimberly thornveld savanna vegetation type. Veld condition was assessed by estimating the ecological grazing capacities (ha/GU) of the camps in the two different grazing systems, namely, continuous and rotational grazing systems. Animal production was determined by recording births, mortalities, conception rates, and body condition scores. Incorrect veld management may lead to veld degradation, which negatively affects veld condition, grazing capacity, and consequently animal production. Rotational grazing systems, such as those used in livestock ranching can be used to increase the number of animals kept on a ranch while ensuring that the condition of the veld remains favourable. No significant difference in veld condition was seen when comparing the camps in the rotational grazing system to those in the continuous grazing system. In addition, the mean calving percentage of the different herds was close to 85 % in both systems, and the body condition of all three species remained at a constant greater than three body condition score throughout the year. These findings indicate that a rotational grazing system can be safely implemented to replace a continuous grazing system on a game ranch without negatively affecting veld condition or animal production. Implementing a rotational grazing system will, therefore, enable ranchers to keep more animals on the same-sized property, thereby increasing profitability. The optimal body condition score and high calving percentages of the animals in the breeding camps on Dronfield Nature Reserve can be ascribed to the correct supplementation given at the correct times throughout the year, negating any nutrient shortfalls / deficiencies the animals my experience as the quality of the natural veld changes throughout the year. Without supplementary feeding the animal’s body condition score, calving percentages, and general health will decline.