Abstract:
As soon as the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland was formed in 1953, disgruntled white settler
politicians in the new polity pushed for the reconfiguration of its borders. Driven by decolonisation
struggles across Africa and a surge of anti-colonial nationalism in Nyasaland in particular, these
debates were particularly vibrant among the political establishment in Southern Rhodesia, the
Federation’s dominant constituent. The question of Southern Rhodesia’s relationship to the
Federation became divisive in right-wing circles as African decolonisation unfolded. However, as
the pattern of imperial retreat solidified, the right wing abandoned interest in a reconstructed
Federation and unified around a “Southern Rhodesia First” mantra. The “centrist” ruling party,
entangled by the Federation’s extant scaffolding, was forced to eventually embrace a partition
plan which closely resembled the ideas traditionally espoused by the opposition. The process of
this ideological realignment had important ramifications for Southern Rhodesian politics. In particular, it facilitated the reunification of the right wing and the embrace of unilateralism that manifested most dramatically in Southern Rhodesia’s Unilateral Declaration of Independence in 1965.
