Abstract:
Despite an array of preventive global public health interventions, SARS-CoV-2 has continued
to spread significantly, infecting millions of people across the globe weekly. Newer variants of
interest and concern have continued to emerge, placing the need for policymakers to rethink prevention
strategies to end the pandemic. The approval of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for public health use in
December 2020 was seen as a significant development towards pandemic control and possibly ending
the pandemic. However, breakthrough infections have continued to be observed among the ‘fully
vaccinated’, and the duration and sustainability of vaccine-induced immunity has remained a topical
public health discourse. In the absence of accurate public health communication, the breakthrough
infections and waning immunity concepts have potential to further compound vaccine hesitancy.
With this viewpoint, we discuss breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections, waning immunity, the need
for COVID-19 booster shots, vaccine inequities, and the need to address vaccine hesitancy adequately
to propel global vaccination programs forward.
