Abstract:
Malaria is a principal cause of illness and death in countries where the disease is endemic. Personal protection against
mosquitoes using repellents could be a useful method that can reduce and/or prevent transmission of mosquitoborne
diseases. The available repellent products, such as creams, roll-ons, and sprays for personal protection against
mosquitoes, lack adequate long-term efficacy. In most cases, they need to be re-applied or replaced frequently. The
encapsulation and release of the repellents from several matrices has risen as an alternative process for the development
of invention of repellent based systems. The present work reviews various studies about the development and
use of repellent controlled-release formulations such as polymer microcapsules, polymer microporous formulations,
polymer micelles, nanoemulsions, solid-lipid nanoparticles, liposomes and cyclodextrins as new tools for mosquitoborne
malaria control in the outdoor environment. Furthermore, investigation on the mathematical modelling used
for the release rate of repellents is discussed in depth by exploring the Higuchi, Korsmeyer-Peppas, Weibull models,
as well as the recently developed Mapossa model. Therefore, the studies searched suggest that the final repellents
based-product should not only be effective against mosquito vectors of malaria parasites, but also reduce the biting
frequency of other mosquitoes transmitting diseases, such as dengue fever, chikungunya, yellow fever and Zika virus.
In this way, they will contribute to the improvement in overall public health and social well-being.
