The effect of ion implantation and annealing temperatures on the migration behavior of ruthenium in glassy carbon

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Authors

Jafer, T.A.O.
Odutemowo, Opeyemi Shakirah
Abdelbagi, Hesham Abdelbagi Ali
Thabethe, Thabsile Theodora

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Journal ISSN

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Publisher

Elsevier

Abstract

Nuclear waste storage materials are inevitable in nuclear industry for preventing the release of radioactive waste products. Glassy carbon has been considered being beneficial to be used in the dry cask needed for nuclear waste storage. Thus, we studied the migration of ruthenium implanted in glassy carbon upon annealing. Our investigations show that ruthenium implantation caused defects in the glassy carbon structure, with more defects observed in the room temperature as-implanted samples compared to those implanted at 200 ◦C. Annealing the as-implanted samples from 500 to 800 ◦C showed no significant change in the ruthenium depth profiles, indicating the non-diffusivity of ruthenium in glassy carbon at these temperatures. However, annealing at higher temperatures (from 900 and 1300 ◦C) resulted in an increase in the maximum depth profile peaks, accompanied by a shift towards the surface, and a decrease in the full-width at half-maximum. These changes indicate the aggregation of ruthenium atoms in the near-surface region. Additionally, more ruthenium aggregation was observed in room temperature implanted samples compared to those implanted at 200 ◦C. This difference is attributed to the higher concentration of defects in room temperature implanted samples, which promotes ruthenium aggregation. Moreover, the migration and aggregation of ruthenium in the near-surface region contributed to an increase in the surface roughness of the glassy carbon.

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DATA AVAILABILITY : Data will be made available on request.

Keywords

Ruthenium, Glassy carbon, Aggregation, Defects, Surface roughness, Nuclear waste storage, SDG-12: Responsible consumption and production

Sustainable Development Goals

SDG-12:Responsible consumption and production

Citation

Jafer, T.A.O., Oduntemowo, O.S, Abdelbagi, H.A.A. et al. 2024, 'The effect of ion implantation and annealing temperatures on the migration behavior of ruthenium in glassy carbon', Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, vol. 557, art. 165533, pp. 1-10. https://DOI.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165533.