Computed tomographic characteristics of craniomandibular osteopathy in 20 dogs

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Authors

Lopez, Luis A.P.
Almansa Ruiz, Jose Carlos
Steenkamp, Gerhardus
Holdsworth, Andrew

Journal Title

Journal ISSN

Volume Title

Publisher

Frontiers Media

Abstract

Craniomandibular osteopathy (CMO) is a proliferative, self-limiting, nonneoplastic disease of growing dogs characterised by excessive new bone formation on the skull and mandible. The radiographic findings of CMO are well described; however, limited reports of the computed tomographic (CT) appearance are available. This paper aims to characterise the spectrum of CT findings that can occur with CMO. The study is retrospective, descriptive, multicenter, and includes 20 cases. Age at presentation ranged from 6  weeks to 12  months, with no sex predisposition. Scottish terriers were overrepresented (65%); other breeds included Cairn terrier, Jack Russell terrier, Staffordshire bull terrier, labrador retriever, golden retriever, akita and Slovakian roughhaired pointer (one of each breed). Terrier breeds represented 80% (16/20) of the patient cohort. Mandibular osteoproliferation was present in all patients (marked in 80%, bilateral in 95%), affecting the rostral mandible in 25%, body in 85%, and ramus in 80%. Tympanic bulla osteoproliferation was present in 60% (12/20) of patients (all marked, bilateral in 75%). Cranial osteoproliferation (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital bones or maxilla, or combinations of them) was present in 90% (18/20) of patients (40% marked, 27% moderate, 33% mild). Nasopharyngeal narrowing was seen in all 12 patients with tympanic bulla osteoproliferation (67% marked, 27% moderate) and caused nearly complete occlusion in two of them. External ear canal stenosis was seen in 55% (11/20) of patients (63% marked, 37% moderate, all bilateral). Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) impingement was suspected in 83% (10/12) of patients with marked tympanic bulla osteoproliferation (75% bilateral). Osteolysis with a moth-eaten pattern was seen in the mandible of 10/20 dogs, the calvarium of 5/20 dogs, and the maxilla of 1/20 dogs (5%). Lymphadenomegaly (mandibular and medial retropharyngeal) was found in 15/20 patients (70% mild, 30% moderate). The most severe CT changes were seen in Scottish terriers. CT allows for detailed characterisation of the bony changes associated with CMO, including the effects occurring secondary to osteoproliferation surrounding the tympanic bullae such as TMJ impingement, external ear canal stenosis, and nasopharyngeal narrowing. Osteoproliferation affecting the cranium and the presence of osteolysis were seen more frequently in this study than previously reported in CMO.

Description

DATA AVAILABITY STATEMENT: The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.

Keywords

Lion’s jaw, Pharyngeal stenosis, External ear canal stenosis, SDG-03: Good health and well-being, SDG-15: Life on land, Craniomandibular osteopathy (CMO), Computed tomography (CT), Dogs (Canis familiaris), Tympanic bullae, Calvarian osteoproliferation

Sustainable Development Goals

SDG-03:Good heatlh and well-being
SDG-15:Life on land

Citation

Pérez López, L.A., Almansa Ruiz, J.C., Steenkamp, G. & Holdsworth, A. (2024) Computed tomographic characteristics of craniomandibular osteopathy in 20 dogs. Frontiers in Veterinary Science11:1436356. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1436356.