Molecular characterization of virulence and resistance genes in Salmonella strains isolated from chickens sold at the informal chicken market in Gauteng Province, South Africa
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Date
Authors
Mokgophi, Thelma M.
Gcebe, Nomakorinte
Fasina, Folorunso Oludayo
Adesiyun, Abiodun Adewale
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Wiley
Abstract
This cross-sectional study determined the occurrence of virulence and antimicrobial
resistance genes in Salmonella strains recovered from chicken obtained from informal
markets in Gauteng province, South Africa. The study also assessed the relationship
between these characteristics, the source, the type of samples, and the serotypes of
Salmonella isolates. A total of 151 samples (cloacal swabs, chicken carcasses, and carcass
drips) were randomly collected from 47 informal market outlets in six townships
in Gauteng province. Salmonella spp. was isolated and identified based on ISO
6579:2002 methods and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting
invA gene fragment. Conventional PCR was used to detect 12 virulence and 18 antimicrobial
resistance (AMR) genes in Salmonella spp. The most frequently detected virulence
genes were invA (100%), shdA (91%), mgtB (87.7%), and sopE (81%), but
considerably low for spvC (2.2%), sefC (1.5%), and pefC (0.4%). The differences in
detection frequency were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Tetracycline-resistant
genes tetA (34.7%) and tetB (16%) were the most frequently detected, while Betalactam-
resistant genes blaTEM (0.4%), blaCMY-2 (0.4%) and quinolones resistant gene
qnrS (0.4%) were detected in low frequency (p < 0.05). The locations of the outlets
and the types of samples were significantly associated with detecting some virulence
and AMR genes. Significant but moderately to substantial positive correlations were
observed for qnrS, sul2; shdA, and mgtB genes. The pipA and spiC were, however, substantially
negatively correlated. Our findings show that detecting these virulence and
AMR genes in Salmonella isolates serves as a potential health hazard to the public,
environment, and poultry farming in Gauteng, South Africa.
Description
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT : The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in University of Pretoria, Research Data Repository at http://repository.up.ac.za.
Keywords
Chicken, Informal market, Salmonella, Virulence genes, Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), Gauteng Province, South Africa, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), SDG-02: Zero hunger
Sustainable Development Goals
SDG-02:Zero Hunger
Citation
Mokgophi, T. M., Gcebe, N., Fasina, F.,
& Adesiyun, A. A. (2024). Molecular characterization of
virulence and resistance genes in Salmonella strains isolated
from chickens sold at the informal chicken market in Gauteng
Province, South Africa. Journal of Food Safety, 44(2), e13110.
https://DOI.org/10.1111/jfs.13110.