Top-down drivers of savanna ecosystems promote bird foraging : effects of fire and large mammals on granivorous and insectivorous birds

dc.contributor.authorCaminho, Jónata
dc.contributor.authorMonadjem, Ara
dc.contributor.authorAndré, Arquimedes
dc.contributor.authorBendana, Isaías Simão
dc.contributor.authorFélix Mundoza, Diolinda
dc.contributor.authorDa Graça Elias, Clementina
dc.contributor.authorGreedes Fernando Marcolino, Iolanda
dc.contributor.authorMassad, Tara Joy
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-04T07:32:19Z
dc.date.issued2026-01
dc.descriptionDATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT : The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in Dryad at https://datadryad.org/, reference number DOI: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.bcc2fqzrt.
dc.description.abstractENGLISH : Fire and large mammal herbivores play major roles in shaping plant communities in savannas. However, the interactive effects of these drivers on other components of savanna biodiversity are less well understood. This study, conducted in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, tested the effects of fire and large mammals on the abundance and richness of foraging granivorous and insectivorous birds. We manipulated the presence of large mammals and early and late dry season burns and measured multiple aspects of grasses and woody plants as well as bird foraging. We modeled the abundance and richness of foraging birds in response to tree basal area, shrub abundance, grass biomass, grass cover, and grass richness in plots with and without large mammals and fire in the wet season prior to experimental burns, in the dry season following the burns, and in the subsequent wet season. Early and late dry season burns increased granivorous bird foraging in the wet season following the fires. Foraging insectivores increased in plots with cold burns 4 months after fire. The exclusion of large mammals generally reduced bird foraging, although positive effects of large mammal exclosures were detected when resources were limited, and fire and large mammals indirectly affected foraging by changing vegetation and therefore seed and arthropod food resources. Foraging was higher for both guilds where tree cover was greater, and foraging of insectivores increased with shrub cover and grass biomass and richness. These results emphasize the importance of considering fire-herbivore interactions for the conservation of savanna biodiversity.
dc.description.abstract PORTUGUESE : O fogo e os grandes herbívoros desempenham papéis importantes na formação das comunidades vegetais nas savanas. No entanto, os efeitos interactivos desses factores sobre outras componentes da biodiversidade da savana são pouco compreendidos. Este estudo, foi realizado no Parque Nacional da Gorongosa, Moçambique, testou os efeitos do fogo e dos grandes mamíferos sobre a abundância e a riqueza de aves granívoras e insectívoras durante o forrageamento. Manipulamos a presença de grandes mamíferos e realizamos queimadas no início e no final da estação seca, medindo diversos aspectos das gramíneas e plantas lenhosas, bem como o comportamento de forrageamento das aves. Modelamos a abundância e a riqueza de aves forrageadoras em resposta à área basal de árvores, abundância de arbustos, biomassa de gramíneas, cobertura de gramíneas e riqueza de espécies de gramíneas, em parcelas com e sem grandes mamíferos e fogo, durante a estação chuvosa antes das queimadas experimentais, na estação seca depois das queimadas e na estação chuvosa seguinte. As queimadas no início e no final da estação seca aumentaram o forrageamento de aves granívoras na estação chuvosa depois das queimadas. A actividade de forrageamento de aves insectívoras aumentou em parcelas com queimadas frias quatro meses após o fogo. A exclusão de grandes mamíferos geralmente reduziu o forrageamento das aves, embora efeitos positivos tenham sido detectados em situações de recursos limitados. O fogo e os grandes mamíferos afetaram indirectamente o forrageamento ao modificar a vegetação e, consequentemente, os recursos alimentares como sementes e artrópodes. O forrageamento foi maior para ambas guildas de aves em áreas com maior cobertura arbórea, e o forrageamento de insetívoros aumentou com a cobertura de arbustos, biomassa e riqueza de gramíneas. Esses resultados destacam a importância de considerar as interações entre fogo e herbivoria para a conservação da biodiversidade das savanas.
dc.description.departmentZoology and Entomology
dc.description.embargo2026-12-05
dc.description.librarianhj2026
dc.description.sdgSDG-15: Life on land
dc.description.sponsorshipSupported by Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
dc.description.urihttp://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/btp
dc.identifier.citationCaminho, J., Monadjem, A., André, A. et al. 2026, 'Top-down drivers of savanna ecosystems promote bird foraging : effects of fire and large mammals on granivorous and insectivorous birds', Biotropica, vol. 58, no. 1, art. e70137, doi : 10.1111/btp.70137.
dc.identifier.issn0006-3606 (print)
dc.identifier.issn1744-7429 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.1111/btp.70137
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/107812
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWiley
dc.rights© 2025 The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation. This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article : 'Top-down drivers of savanna ecosystems promote bird foraging : effects of fire and large mammals on granivorous and insectivorous birds', Biotropica, vol. 58, no. 1, art. e70137, 2026, doi : 10.1111/btp.70137.. The definite version is available at : http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/btp [12 months embargo]
dc.subjectAvian ecology
dc.subjectBiodiversity
dc.subjectBurn regime
dc.subjectGorongosa National Park
dc.subjectGranivore
dc.subjectInsectivore
dc.subjectLarge mammal herbivore
dc.subjectMozambique
dc.subjectVegetation
dc.subjectEcologia de aves
dc.subjectBiodiversidade
dc.subjectRegime de queimadas
dc.subjectParque Nacional da Gorongosa
dc.subjectGranívoros
dc.subjectInsetívoros
dc.subjectGrandes herbívoros
dc.subjectMoçambique
dc.subjectVegetação
dc.titleTop-down drivers of savanna ecosystems promote bird foraging : effects of fire and large mammals on granivorous and insectivorous birds
dc.typePostprint Article

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