Immunogenic profile of a plant-produced nonavalent African horse sickness viral protein 2 (VP2) vaccine in IFNAR-/-mice
dc.contributor.author | O’Kennedy, Martha M. | |
dc.contributor.author | Roth, Robyn | |
dc.contributor.author | Ebersohn, Karen | |
dc.contributor.author | Du Plessis, Lissinda H. | |
dc.contributor.author | Mamputha, Sipho | |
dc.contributor.author | Rutkowska, Daria A. | |
dc.contributor.author | Du Preez, Ilse | |
dc.contributor.author | Verschoor, Jan Adrianus | |
dc.contributor.author | Lemmer, Yolandy | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2025-05-22T12:45:03Z | |
dc.date.available | 2025-05-22T12:45:03Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2024-04-16 | |
dc.description | DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT : All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. | |
dc.description | SUPPORTING INFORMATION : FIGURE S1. Cytotoxicity assessment of plant-produced immunogens. Cytotoxicity studies in Vero cells validating the (A) adjuvanted commercial vaccine, (B) VP2 proteins nonavalent (serotypes 1–9) combined versus plant extract, (C) plant produced VP2 proteins nonavalent (serotypes 1–9) combined and adjuvanted with Montanide Gel 01 or (D) plant produced VP2 proteins nonavalent (serotypes 1–9) combined and adjuvanted with Nanoalum. Statistical difference at P < 0.05 (indicated with a *) were considered significant in a two tailed Student’s t test. RAW IMAGES S1. | |
dc.description.abstract | A safe, highly immunogenic multivalent vaccine to protect against all nine serotypes of African horse sickness virus (AHSV), will revolutionise the AHS vaccine industry in endemic countries and beyond. Plant-produced AHS virus-like particles (VLPs) and soluble viral protein 2 (VP2) vaccine candidates were developed that have the potential to protect against all nine serotypes but can equally well be formulated as mono- and bi-valent formulations for localised outbreaks of specific serotypes. In the first interferon α/β receptor knock-out (IFNAR-/-) mice trial conducted, a nine-serotype (nonavalent) vaccine administered as two pentavalent (5 μg per serotype) vaccines (VLP/VP2 combination or exclusively VP2), were directly compared to the commercially available AHS live attenuated vaccine. In a follow up trial, mice were vaccinated with an adjuvanted nine-serotype multivalent VP2 vaccine in a prime boost strategy and resulted in the desired neutralising antibody titres of 1:320, previously demonstrated to confer protective immunity in IFNAR-/- mice. In addition, the plant-produced VP2 vaccine performed favourably when compared to the commercial vaccine. Here we provide compelling data for a nonavalent VP2-based vaccine candidate, with the VP2 from each serotype being antigenically distinguishable based on LC-MS/MS and ELISA data. This is the first preclinical trial demonstrating the ability of an adjuvanted nonavalent cocktail of soluble, plant-expressed AHS VP2 proteins administered in a prime-boost strategy eliciting high antibody titres against all 9 AHSV serotypes. Furthermore, elevated T helper cells 2 (Th2) and Th1, indicative of humoral and cell-mediated memory T cell immune responses, respectively, were detected in mouse serum collected 14 days after the multivalent prime-boost vaccination. Both Th2 and Th1 may play a role to confer protective immunity. These preclinical immunogenicity studies paved the way to test the safety and protective efficacy of the plant-produced nonavalent VP2 vaccine candidate in the target animals, horses. | |
dc.description.department | Veterinary Tropical Diseases | |
dc.description.department | Biochemistry | |
dc.description.librarian | am2025 | |
dc.description.sdg | SDG-03: Good health and well-being | |
dc.description.sponsorship | Horserace Betting Levy Board (HBLB) and the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). | |
dc.description.uri | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/ | |
dc.identifier.citation | O’Kennedy, M.M., Roth, R., Ebersohn, K., Du Plessis, L.H., Mamputha, S., Rutkowska, D.A., et al. (2024) Immunogenic profile of a plant-produced nonavalent African horse sickness viral protein 2 (VP2) vaccine in IFNAR-/-mice. PLoS ONE 19(4): e0301340. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301340. | |
dc.identifier.issn | 1932-6203 (online) | |
dc.identifier.other | 10.1371/journal.pone.0301340 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/2263/102482 | |
dc.language.iso | en | |
dc.publisher | Public Library of Science | |
dc.rights | © 2024 O’Kennedy et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. | |
dc.subject | African horse sickness virus (AHSV) | |
dc.subject | Vaccine | |
dc.subject | Virus-like particle (VLP) | |
dc.subject | Mice trial | |
dc.subject | Viral protein 2 (VP2) | |
dc.title | Immunogenic profile of a plant-produced nonavalent African horse sickness viral protein 2 (VP2) vaccine in IFNAR-/-mice | |
dc.type | Article |
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