Orthostatic blood pressure changes among adults in Ekiti state, Nigeria :impact of socio-demographic, anthropometric, and biophysical factors

Abstract

Orthostatic intolerance is the inability to maintain upright posture, a key manifestation of autonomic dysfunction that can lead to orthostatic hypotension (OH). We aimed to investigate orthostatic blood pressure (BP) changes among cohorts living in Ekiti State and to explore plausible underlying factors. We encompassed 140 participants (28% male; 72% female; age range: 18–70 years) in our preliminary study. Socio-demographic and anthropometric indices were collected using appropriate tools. Orthostatic responses were assessed at baseline, standing, and sitting following standardized protocols. Systolic (BP) decreased significantly by 4% after 1-min standing (130 ± 22 mmHg) compared to baseline (137 ± 20 mmHg). Diastolic (BP) increased significantly by 6.1% at 3 min (87 ± 13 mmHg) and 4.8% at 5 min (86 ± 12 mmHg) compared to baseline (82 ± 11 mmHg) (p < 0.001). Occupation (traders) and education level (secondary) are positively associated with mean arterial pressure (MAP) at 1- and 3-min standing times (p < 0.05). Orthostatic MAP at 1, 3, and 5 min correlated negatively with height but positively with body mass index (BMI), hip, and waist circumference (p < 0.05). These preliminary findings suggest a potential role for body composition and lifestyle in regulating autonomic cardiovascular function in response to postural changes.