Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among key and vulnerable populations in hotspot settings of Ethiopia. A systematic review and meta-analysis

dc.contributor.authorReta, Melese Abate
dc.contributor.authorAsmare, Zelalem
dc.contributor.authorSisay, Assefa
dc.contributor.authorGashaw, Yalewayker
dc.contributor.authorGetachew, Ermias
dc.contributor.authorGashaw, Muluken
dc.contributor.authorDejazmach, Zelalem
dc.contributor.authorJemal, Abdu
dc.contributor.authorGedfie, Solomon
dc.contributor.authorKumie, Getinet
dc.contributor.authorNigatie, Marye
dc.contributor.authorAbebe, Wagaw
dc.contributor.authorAshagre, Agenagnew
dc.contributor.authorMisganaw, Tadesse
dc.contributor.authorKassahun, Woldeteklehaymanot
dc.contributor.authorTadesse, Selamyhun
dc.contributor.authorGeteneh, Alene
dc.contributor.authorKidie, Atitegeb Abera
dc.contributor.authorAbate, Biruk Beletew
dc.contributor.authorManingi, Nontuthuko Excellent
dc.contributor.authorFourie, Petrus Bernardus
dc.date.accessioned2025-05-22T11:18:19Z
dc.date.available2025-05-22T11:18:19Z
dc.date.issued2024-08-29
dc.descriptionDATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT : All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting information files.
dc.descriptionSUPPORTING INFORMATION : FILE S1. Supporting tables and figures. CHECKLIST S1. PRISMA 2020 checklist.
dc.description.abstractBACKGROUND : Despite the decline in tuberculosis (TB) incidence across many regions worldwide, including Ethiopia, the disease remains highly concentrated among vulnerable or socially marginalized populations and in high-risk settings. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to estimate the pooled prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among key and vulnerable populations (KVPs) residing in hotspot settings in Ethiopia. METHODS : Potential papers were searched systematically in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect databases, Google Scholar search engine, and institutional electronic repositories/registrars. A total of 34 potential articles that provide necessary information on the prevalence of PTB were reviewed and data were analyzed to determine the pooled prevalence of PTB among KVPs. The relevant data were recorded and analyzed using STATA 17.0. Cohen’s kappa was computed to determine the agreement between reviewers, the Inverse of variance (I2) to evaluate heterogeneity across studies, and Egger’s test to identify publication bias. A random effect model was used to determine the pooled prevalence of PTB, subgroup analysis was computed by types of hotspot settings and year of publication. RESULTS : This meta-analysis demonstrates that the pooled prevalence of PTB among populations residing in hotspot settings in Ethiopia was 11.7% (95% confidence interval (95CI): 7.97–15.43) with an I2 of 99.91% and a p< 0.001. Furthermore, the subgroup analysis unveiled the pooled prevalence of PTB among KVPs residing in different hotspot settings as follows: Prison inmates 8.8% (95CI: 5.00–12.55%), University students 23.1% (95CI: 15.81–30.37%), Refugees 28.4% (95CI: -1.27–58.15%), Homeless peoples 5.8% (95CI: -0.67–12.35%), Healthcare settings 11.1% (95CI: 0.58–21.63%), Spiritual holy water sites attendees 12.3% (95CI: -6.26–30.80%), and other high-risk settings 4.3% (95CI: 0.47–8.09%). Besides, the subgroup analysis revealed that the pooled prevalence of PTB post-2015 was 10.79% (95CI: 5.94–15.64%), whereas it stood at 14.04% (95CI: 10.27–17.82%) before 2015. CONCLUSION : The prevalence of PTB among KVPs residing in the hotspot settings in Ethiopia remains significant, with a weighted pooled prevalence of 11.7%. Thus, the national TB control programs should give due attention and appropriate control measures should be instituted that include regular systematic TB screening, compulsory TB testing for presumptive TB cases among KVPs, and tightened infection control at hotspot settings.
dc.description.departmentMedical Microbiology
dc.description.librarianam2025
dc.description.sdgSDG-03: Good health and well-being
dc.description.urihttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/
dc.identifier.citationReta, M.A., Asmare, Z., Sisay, A., Gashaw, Y., Getachew, E., Gashaw, M., et al. (2024) Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among key and vulnerable populations in hotspot settings of Ethiopia. A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 19(8): e0309445. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0309445.
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.1371/journal.pone.0309445
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/102479
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherPublic Library of Science
dc.rights© 2024 Reta et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
dc.subjectTuberculosis (TB)
dc.subjectDecline
dc.subjectEthiopia
dc.subjectPulmonary tuberculosis (PTB)
dc.titlePrevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among key and vulnerable populations in hotspot settings of Ethiopia. A systematic review and meta-analysis
dc.typeArticle

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