The psychosocial factors impacting the mental health of parents caring for children with intellectual disabilities in Somerset West, Western Cape Province

Abstract

Research conducted worldwide emphasises the substantial psychological challenges parents of children with intellectual disabilities (ID) have, especially in developing countries such as South Africa. To comprehend these parents' mental health and well-being, it is essential to consider their experiences, which are influenced by a variety of internal and external circumstances. The ecological systems approach underpinned this study, as these environmental systems influence how a person’s development is shaped, and how they perceive, experience, and interact with their surroundings. A wide range of intricate psychosocial variables influence the experiences of these parents, including the dynamics of families, the perceptions of the community toward impairments, financial limitations, and the accessibility of support resources.

This study aimed to explore the psychosocial factors affecting the mental health of parents caring for children with intellectual disabilities in Somerset West, Western Cape Province. The study utilised a qualitative approach and instrumental case study design to capture the lived experiences of participants in a naturalistic setting, with a focus on centering the voices of parents in the findings. Seven individuals were chosen based on inclusion criteria using non-probability purposive sampling. With participants' consent, in-person and virtual interviews were conducted and recorded until data saturation was achieved. Thematic analysis of the data revealed six overarching themes that shed light on the multifaceted nature of parents' experiences, highlighting the intricate balance between challenges and joys in their daily lives.

The study's key findings showed that the microsystem, which includes family dynamics and direct caregiving duties, has a big impact on the mental health of parents of children with ID. Furthermore, it was found that the parents' experiences and general mental health well-being were significantly impacted by the larger ecological systems, such as how the community views ID and the accessibility of support services. This emphasises the necessity of a comprehensive approach to supporting parents of children with ID, taking into account not only their immediate family dynamics, but also the broader societal and community factors that influence their well-being. Overall, a holistic approach involving both family-focused and community-centered interventions is essential to improve the mental health and well-being of parents raising children with ID.