International Ski and Snowboard Federation consensus statement on warm-up and cool-down in competitive alpine and freestyle skiers and snowboarders

dc.contributor.authorSpörri, Joerg
dc.contributor.authorBeck, Lisa
dc.contributor.authorBonell Monsonis, Oriol
dc.contributor.authorAlhammoud, Marine
dc.contributor.authorBahr, Roald
dc.contributor.authorBekker, Sheree
dc.contributor.authorCollins, Dave
dc.contributor.authorEngebretsen, Lars
dc.contributor.authorHarvey, Julie
dc.contributor.authorHoerterer, Hubert
dc.contributor.authorMitterbauer, Gerald
dc.contributor.authorScherr, Johannes
dc.contributor.authorSchobersberger, Wolfgang
dc.contributor.authorSeiler, Jan
dc.contributor.authorValtonen, Maarit
dc.contributor.authorWaibel, Karlheinz
dc.contributor.authorWeirather, Tina
dc.contributor.authorGouttebarge, Vincent
dc.contributor.authorBolling, Caroline
dc.contributor.authorVerhagen, Evert
dc.date.accessioned2025-05-23T07:35:18Z
dc.date.available2025-05-23T07:35:18Z
dc.date.issued2025-04
dc.descriptionSUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 1 : FIS Consensus Warm-up & Cool-down – Detailed Consensus Process Description. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 2 : FIS Consensus Warm-up & Cool-down – FINAL Statements. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 3 : FIS Consensus Warm-up & Cool-down – Voting results and action choices.
dc.description.abstractIn diverse sports, warm-up (WUP) and cool-down (CD) activities are highly effective at improving performance-relevant factors and reducing the risk of injury when applied systematically; however, scientific evidence is widely lacking in snow sports. Similarly, there is a lack of international harmonisation with current best practices; this especially applies to prevention efforts targeting younger athletes. This International Ski and Snowboard Federation (FIS) consensus statement aims to develop and promote recommendations regarding physical and psychological WUP&CD in competitive alpine and freestyle skiers and snowboarders. The selected panel members represented a group of experts diverse in terms of gender, expertise/background, level of competition and skiing and snowboarding discipline. They included researchers, officials, physicians, physiotherapists, coaches or former athletes with extensive experience in the subject area. However, there was a gender imbalance in the composition of the panel (7 women and 13 men) and certain freestyle disciplines (eg, aerials and moguls) were under-represented. Most importantly, there was a strong over-representation of European members (85%) on the consensus panel. For the consensus process, the RAND-UCLA Appropriateness Method was used. The panellists were asked to rate, discuss and rerate statements derived from the literature or expert/panellist opinions. The process was based on three online consensus sessions with different preparatory and follow-up tasks and three rounds of an online survey to vote on the statements. The final version of the FIS consensus statement was developed and approved after two iterative rounds of manuscript revision by the panel members. It is intended to guide athletes, coaches, medical staff of international and national federations and other entities who can promote and support appropriate WUP&CD practices for competitive alpine and freestyle skiers and snowboarders by providing support, resources or infrastructure.
dc.description.departmentSports Medicine
dc.description.librarianhj2025
dc.description.sdgSDG-03: Good health and well-being
dc.description.sponsorshipThe International Ski and Snowboard Federation (FIS) as part of the Athlete Health Unit (AHU) framework project Athlete Health Protection.
dc.description.urihttps://bmjopensem.bmj.com/
dc.identifier.citationSpörri, J., Beck, L., Bonell Monsonís, O. et al. 2025, 'International Ski and Snowboard Federation consensus statement on warm-up and cool-down in competitive alpine and freestyle skiers and snowboarders', BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine, vol. 11, no. 2, art. e002351, doi : 10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002351.
dc.identifier.issn2055-7647 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002351
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/102489
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherBMJ Publishing Group
dc.rights© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2025. This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license.
dc.subjectWarm-up (WUP)
dc.subjectCool-down (CD)
dc.subjectRisk of injury
dc.subjectSnow sports
dc.subjectAlpine skiers
dc.subjectFreestyle skiers
dc.subjectSnowboarders
dc.titleInternational Ski and Snowboard Federation consensus statement on warm-up and cool-down in competitive alpine and freestyle skiers and snowboarders
dc.typeArticle

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