Polygamous farmed Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) : foetal membranes tell the story

dc.contributor.authorNothling, Johan Oliviette
dc.contributor.authorNöthling, Johan Antowan
dc.contributor.authorMyburgh, Jan G.
dc.contributor.authorHarper, Cindy Kim
dc.contributor.emailjohan.nothling@up.ac.zaen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2021-11-16T10:03:51Z
dc.date.available2021-11-16T10:03:51Z
dc.date.issued2020-11-06
dc.description.abstractMultiple paternity in crocodilian broods would increase effective population size and slow down the loss of genetic variation due to inbreeding and random genetic drift in real populations. Multiple paternity may also explain variation among offspring of the same brood with respect to characteristics of commercial interest to crocodile farmers. Foetal membranes may provide a non-invasive source of DNA from which to determine the genotypes of Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) hatchlings. The aims of this study were to determine the effectiveness of using the foetal membranes remaining inside the hatched eggs to determine the genotypes of Nile crocodile hatchlings, and to determine whether a brood (the hatchlings from a clutch of eggs) from a communal breeding pond on a commercial farm may have more than one sire. DNA profiles were determined on 4–6 (mean 4.4) foetal membrane specimens (FMSs) from each of 25 broods from the same breeding pond on a commercial Nile crocodile farm. Eleven microsatellite loci were used. DNA amplification occurred at all 11 loci in 95 of the 110 genotyped individuals, at 1–10 loci in 13 and at no locus in two. Three to 20 alleles were found per locus. Single-locus assessment showed that 13 broods had at least two sires. A multilocus programme (Colony) inferred that 19 broods had at least two sires, with polyandry and polygyny being common. Further research is necessary to determine the utility of foetal membranes as a source of DNA from nests in the wild and, using more FMSs per brood, to more precisely determine the extent of polyandry and polygyny in farmed and wild Nile crocodiles.en_ZA
dc.description.abstractMeer as een vaar in ’n krokodilbroeisel verhoog die effektiewe populasiegrootte en lei tot ’n stadiger verlies van genetiese variasie as gevolg van inteling en lukraak genetiese swerwing. Meer as een vaar kan ook die variasie met betrekking tot eienskappe wat van kommersiële belang is tussen krokodille uit dieselfde broeisel verklaar. Vrugvliese kan ’n nie-ingrypende bron van DNS verskaf waarmee die genotipe van Nylkrokodilbroeilinge (Crocodylus niloticus) bepaal kan word. Die doel van hierdie studie was om vas te stel hoe doeltreffend die genotipe van Nylkrokodilbroeilinge uit die vrugvliese wat in uitgebroeide eiers agterbly bepaal kan word en of ’n broeisel uit ’n kommunale teeldam op ’n kommersiële plaas meer as een vaar kan hê. Elf mikrosatellietloki is gebruik om die DNS-profiele van 4–6 (gemiddeld 4.4) vrugvliesmonsters (VVMe) van elk van 25 broeisels uit dieselfde teeldam op ’n kommersiële Nylkrokodilplaas te bepaal. DNS het op al 11 loki in 95 van die 110 individue vermeerder, op 1–10 loki in 13 en op geen lokus nie in twee. Drie tot 20 allele is per lokus gevind. Afsonderlike beoordeling van loki het getoon dat 13 broeisels minstens twee vaars gehad het. Met ’n multilokusprogram (Colony) is afgelei dat 19 broeisels minstens twee vaars gehad het, en dat poliandrie en poliginie algemeen was. Verdere navorsing is nodig om die nuttigheid van vrugvliese as ’n bron van DNS vir nesse uit die natuur te bepaal en om, deur meer VVMe per broeisel te gebruik, die mate van poliandrie en poliginie op Nylkrokodilplase en in die natuur meer presies te bepaal.en_ZA
dc.description.departmentGeneticsen_ZA
dc.description.departmentPhysicsen_ZA
dc.description.departmentProduction Animal Studiesen_ZA
dc.description.librarianam2021en_ZA
dc.description.sponsorshipThe National Research Foundationen_ZA
dc.description.urihttp://www.satnt.ac.zaen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationJohan O Nöthling, Johan A Nöthling, Jan G. Myburgh, Cindy K. Harper, Polygamous farmed Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus): Foetal membranes tell the story, Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 39(1) (2020). https://DOI.org/10.36303/ SATNT.2020.39.1.750.en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn0254-3486 (print)
dc.identifier.issn2222-4173 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.36303/ SATNT.2020.39.1.750
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/82706
dc.language.isoenen_ZA
dc.publisherAOSIS Open Journalsen_ZA
dc.rights© 2020. Authors. Licensee: Die Suid- Afrikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License.en_ZA
dc.subjectCrocodileen_ZA
dc.subjectEggen_ZA
dc.subjectHatchlingen_ZA
dc.subjectDNAen_ZA
dc.subjectSireen_ZA
dc.subjectKrokodilleen_ZA
dc.subjectEieren_ZA
dc.subjectBroeilingen_ZA
dc.subjectVrugvlieseen_ZA
dc.subjectDNSen_ZA
dc.subjectVaaren_ZA
dc.subjectDeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)en_ZA
dc.subjectNile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus)en_ZA
dc.subjectFoetal membrane specimens (FMSs)en_ZA
dc.subjectVrugvliesmonsters (VVMe)en_ZA
dc.subject.otherVeterinary science articles SDG-09en_ZA
dc.subject.otherSDG-09: Industry, innovation and infrastructure
dc.titlePolygamous farmed Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) : foetal membranes tell the storyen_ZA
dc.title.alternativePoligame Nylkrokodille (Crocodylus niloticus) op ’n krokodilplaas : vrugvliese vertel die storieen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA

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