Evaluation of serological assays for the diagnosis of HIV infection in adults
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Date
Authors
Bangalee, Avania
Bhoora, Sachin
Punchoo, Rivak
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
AOSIS
Abstract
Serological tests based on the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) are the primary tool for the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in adults and have rapidly evolved to quicker, affordable and more accurate test formats to detect early HIV infection. Secondand third-generation HIV rapid tests detect the immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to the HIV and are used at the point of care and in HIV self-testing. The tests are affordable and accessible in state and private diagnostic laboratories. The presentday fourth- and fifth-generation EIAs can detect both p24 antigen and IgG and IgM HIV antibodies and thereby diagnose early HIV infection at approximately 2 weeks. The fourthand fifth-generation EIAs also report sensitivity and specificity of more than 99%. The correct interpretation of HIV diagnosis of false-positive and false-negative EIA test results requires collaborative scrutiny of patient factors and laboratory test methodologies.
Description
Keywords
Analytical error, HIV biomarkers, HIV diagnosis, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Enzyme immunoassay (EIA), Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin M (IgM)
Sustainable Development Goals
Citation
Bangalee, A., Bhoora, S. & Punchoo, R. Evaluation of serological assays for the diagnosis of HIV infection in adults. South African Family Practice 2021;63(1), a5316. https://doi.org/10.4102/safp.v63i1.5316.