Abstract:
The role of small ruminant production in achieving sustainable and resilient food systems
in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is yet to be fully explored or incorporated into current
agroecological practices and policies. This review examines the principles and practices of agroecology,
focusing on circular food systems and the sociopolitical aspects of their implementation for small
ruminant production in LMICs. It discusses Gliessman’s five levels of agroecological transition and
eight principles for integrating small ruminant production into agroecology: input reduction, animal
health, soil health, biodiversity, recycling, synergy, economic diversification, and co-creation of knowledge.
The review highlights that, while there are differing interpretations in the scientific literature,
there is a growing consensus that agroecological practices applied to small ruminant production
have the potential to improve integration and self-sufficiency in farming systems, improve animal
health, reduce reliance on external inputs, and promote circularity and biodiversity. This reinforces
the view that agroecological approaches to small ruminant production can foster a sustainable and interconnected
system that strengthens the relationships between animals, plants, and the environment
and enhances circularity. To achieve successful implementation and widespread adoption of these
approaches, it is crucial to facilitate greater collaboration and cocreation of knowledge among small
ruminant farmers and stakeholders in the small ruminant livestock industry.
