Abstract:
BACKGROUND : Allergic rhinitis (AR) has a significant impact on the community as a whole with
regard to quality of life and its relationship to allergic multi-morbidities. Appropriate diagnosis,
treatment and review of the efficacy of interventions can ameliorate these effects. Yet, the
importance of AR is often overlooked, and appropriate therapy is neglected. The availability
of effective medications and knowledge as to management are often lacking in both public and
private health systems.
METHODS : This review is based on a comprehensive literature search and detailed discussions
by the South African Allergic Rhinitis Working Group (SAARWG).
RESULTS : The working group provided up-to-date recommendations on the epidemiology,
pathology, diagnosis and management of AR, appropriate to the South African setting.
CONCLUSION : Allergic rhinitis causes significant, often unappreciated, morbidity. It is a complex
disease related to an inflammatory response to environmental allergens. Therapy involves
education, evaluation of allergen sensitisation, pharmacological treatment, allergen
immunotherapy (AIT) and evaluation of the success of interventions. Regular use of saline; the
important role of intranasal corticosteroids, including those combined with topical
antihistamines and reduction in the use of systemic steroids are key. Practitioners should have
a thorough knowledge of associated morbidities and the need for specialist referral.
CONTRIBUTION : This review summarises the latest developments in the diagnosis and
management of AR such that it is a resource that allows easy access for family practitioners
and specialists alike.
