Sosiale kohesie en multikulturele eredienste : 'n ritueel-liturgiese evaluasie (Afrikaans)

Abstract

Alhoewel dit hierdie jaar agtien jaar gelede is, nadat die Apartheidsisteem tot ‘n einde gekom het, kan die voetspore van verdeeldheid op grond van ras en etnisiteit tog nog gesien word in die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing. Verskeie akademici erken wel dat die land ver gekom het in terme van versoening en sosiale kohesie, maar dat daar nog ‘n lang pad voorlê. Statistiek Suid-Afrika toon aan dat die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing oorwegend religieus is, daarom is die navorser se vermoede dat die kerk ‘n groter rol kan en moet speel in terme van die bevordering van versoening en sosiale kohesie in Suid-Afrika. Die navorser stel dus ondersoek in na multikulturele liturgieë en of multikulturele eredienste as rolspelers in die bevordering van versoening en sosiale kohesie. Die vraagstelling van die navorsing is dus: Watter ritueel-liturgiese kwaliteite tydens multikulturele aanbidding kan ‘n positiewe en opbouende effek op sosiale kohesie en versoening in die huidige Suid-Afrikaanse konteks hê? Die navorser het die navorsingsvraag ondersoek deur middel van ‘n literatuurstudie in die veld van liturgie, antropologie en ook sosiologie. Die vraag is ook verder ondersoek deur middel van empiriese navorsing by drie verskillende multikulturele eredienste in Pretoria. Die volgende aspekte is deur die loop van die jaar nagevors: <ul> <li> Teologiese en sosiologiese interpretasie van die huidige sosiale konteks van Suid-Afrika – in hierdie gedeelte van die navorsing het die navorser gepoog om die konteks van die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing vir die leser weer te gee. Daar is grotendeels gebruik gemaak van die Sensus 2001 om die demografiese gegewens van Suid-Afrika weer te gee. Verder is die samelewing ook ondersoek deur gebruik te maak van sentrale teoretiese begrippe naamlik vergifnis, versoening, sosiale transformasie, sosiale kohesie en sosiale identiteit.</li> <li> Die aard van multikultulturele eredienste en die waarde van simbole, rituele en seremonies – in hierdie hoofstuk word daar ondersoek ingestel na die teologie van multikulturele liturgieë. Eerstens word daar gekyk na die waarde van simbole, rituele en seremonies binne multikulturele eredienste. Daarna word die ontwikkeling van die liturgie soos beïnvloed deur kultuur in breë trekke beskryf. Die essensie van aanbidding word ook op die tafel geplaas. Laastens word ‘n voorlopige teologie van multikulturele eredienste saamgestel uit die literatuurstudie.</li> <li> Gedetailleerde beskrywing van drie onderskeie eredienste – die drie multikulturele eredienste word in die fynste detail beskryf na aanleiding van wat voor, tydens en na die erediens gebeur. Die struktuur van die kerkgebou asook die liturgiese ruimte word in detail weer gegee.</li> <li> Empiriese navorsingsdata (fokusgroepe) analise – die navorser het onderhoude gevoer met gekose kandidate wat gereeld die onderskeie multikulturele eredienste bywoon om verdere kennis aangaande mense se belewenis van die eredienste in te samel.</li></ul> Die gevolgtrekking van die navorsing vind dan neerslag in die voorlopige teorie van multikulturele eredienste wat versoening en sosiale kohesie bevorder. ENGLISH : Although 2012 marks eighteen years since the demise of Apartheid, traces of division based on race and ethnicity can still be witnessed in the South African society. Several academics acknowledge that the country has made good progress with regards to reconciliation and social cohesion but that there is still a lot of work to be done. Statistics South Africa show that the majority of the South African society are religious. The researcher therefore supposes that the church can play a greater role in the promotion and strengthening of reconciliation and social cohesion. The research question are therefore as follows: Which ritual-liturgical qualities during multicultural worship can have a positive and edifying effect on social cohesion and reconciliation in the current South African context? The researcher has investigated this research question through a literature study in the fields of liturgy, anthropology and sociology. The research question was furthermore investigated through means of empirical research at three different multicultural worship services in Pretoria. The following aspects were studied throughout this year: <ul> <li> Theological and sociological interpretations of the current social context in South Africa – in this part of the research the researcher focused on providing the reader with a reflection on the current context in South Africa. The researcher primarily made use of the South African Census of 2001 to present the demographic information of the country. The society was also investigated by making use of a number of central concepts including forgiveness, reconciliation, social transformation, social cohesion and social identity.</li> <li> The nature of multicultural worship and the value of symbols, rituals and ceremonies – in this chapter multicultural liturgies are investigated. Firstly the researcher looks at the value of symbols, rituals and ceremonies in multicultural worship services. The development of liturgy as it was influenced by culture are discussed in broad terms. The essence of worship is also touched upon. Lastly a preliminary theology of multicultural worship services are developed based on the literature study.</li> <li> A detailed description of the three different worship services – the three multicultural worship services are descibed in as much detail as possible based on what happens before, during and after the worship service. The physical structure of the church building as well as a desciption of the liturgical space is also presented.</li> <li> Analysis of the empirical data (focus groups) – the researcher conducted interviews with selected candidates who attend the different multicultural worship services regularly in order to gain more knowledge about their experiences of the worship services.</li></ul> The conclusion of the research can then be found in the preliminary theory of multicultural worship services that promotes reconcilation and social cohesion.